Fig. 3

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves. a ROC curves for chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes against gold-standard Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines. Diagnostic accuracy only improves with increasing age. b ROC curves for identifying rapidly-progressing CKD patients using ICD codes against gold standard KDOQI guidelines. Diagnostic accuracy shows no clinically meaningful improvement regardless of subgroup