Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the study cohort (per patient, total no = 404)
Characteristics | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
Age | 65.8 (14.1) |
BMI | 24.7 (5.3) |
Baseline creatinine | 150 μmol/L (71) |
Baseline eGFR | 50.2 mL/min (27.7) |
Creatinine at AKI diagnosis | 297.5 μmol/L (160.7) |
Gender (%) | |
 Male | 235 (58.2) |
 Female | 169 (41.8) |
Ethnicity (%) | |
 Chinese | 278 (68.8) |
 Malay | 71 (17.6) |
 Indian | 39 (9.7) |
 Others | 16 (4) |
Primary Etiology of AKI | |
 Pre-renal | 112 (27.7) |
 Ischemic acute tubular necrosis | 62 (15.3) |
 Cardio-renal syndrome | 33 (8.2) |
 Hypertensive emergency | 18 (4.5) |
 Allograft rejection | 1 (0.2) |
 Abdominal compartment syndrome | 2 (0.5) |
 Tubular obstruction | 9 (2.2) |
 Drug- associated AKI | 12 (3) |
 Cardiac surgery associated-AKI | 20 (5) |
 Sepsis associated-AKI | 105 (26) |
 Contrast-induced AKI (CIN) | 7 (1.7) |
 Obstructive uropathy | 9 (2.2) |
 Glomerulonephritis | 10 (2.5) |
 Hepatorenal syndrome | 4 (1) |
Single or multiple etiology | |
 Single | 310 (76.7) |
 Multiple | 94 (23.3) |
Location | |
 General wards | 272 (67.3) |
 Intensive care area/ High dependency unit | 43 (10.6) |
 Intensive care unit | 89 (22) |
Characteristics | Frequency (%) |
Service where patient is located | |
 Cardiac | 81 (20) |
 Surgery | 78 (19.3) |
 Medical | 147 (36.1) |
 Renal | 98 (24.3) |
Comorbidities | |
 Diabetes Mellitus | 230 (56.9) |
 Hypertension | 302 (74.8) |
 Cardiovascular disease | 187 (46.3) |
 Atrial fibrillation | 58 (14.4) |
 Cerebrovascular accident | 57 (14.1) |
 Cancer | 78 (19.3) |
KDIGO stage at AKI diagnosis | |
 1 | 238 (58.9) |
 2 | 99 (24.5) |
 3 | 67 (16.6) |