Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studied patients by quartile of SCLs (n = 647)
From: Association of serum chromium levels with malnutrition in hemodialysis patients
Characteristics | Total patients (n = 647) | 1st quartile (< 0.29 μg/L) (n = 164) | 2nd quartile (0.29–0.56 μg/L) (n = 159) | 3rd quartile (0.57–1.06 μg/L) (n = 163) | 4th quartile (> 1.06 μg/L) (n = 161) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||||
 Age (years) | 57.9 ± 12.2 | 59.9 ± 12.1 | 58.5 ± 11.7 | 57.3 ± 11.2 | 55.9 ± 12.7 | 0.002 |
 Female sex | 316 (48.8) | 81 (49.3) | 88 (55.3) | 78 (47.9) | 69 (42.9) | 0.125 |
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 3.4 | 22.4 ± 3.7 | 22.4 ± 3.2 | 22.2 ± 3.7 | 21.7 ± 3.2 | 0.062 |
 Smoking (Yes) | 76 (11.7) | 10 (6.1) | 4 (2.5) | 9 (5.5) | 13 (8.1) | 0.320 |
Co-Morbidity | ||||||
 Diabetes mellitus (Yes) | 195 (30.1) | 58 (35.4) | 51 (32.1) | 45 (27.6) | 41 (25.5) | 0.036 |
 Hypertension (Yes) | 62 (9.6) | 16 (9.8) | 18 (11.3) | 13 (8.0) | 15 (9.3) | 0.654 |
 Previous CVD (Yes) | 50 (7.7) | 16 (9.8) | 8 (5.0) | 10 (6.1) | 16 (9.9) | 0.780 |
Dialysis Related Data | ||||||
 Hemodialysis vintage (years) | 9.5 ± 6.1 | 9.2 ± 5.8 | 9.2 ± 5.8 | 9.4 ± 6.3 | 10.3 ± 6.5 | 0.119 |
 Erythropoietin (U/kg/week) | 61.14 ± 47.1 | 65.5 ± 50.8 | 60.12 ± 45.9 | 60.9 ± 46.1 | 58.0 ± 45.4 | 0.531 |
 Fistula as blood access (Yes) | 496 (76) | 120 (73.2) | 122 (76.7) | 122 (74.8) | 132 (82.0) | 0.093 |
 Biocompatible membrane dialyzers (Yes) | 556 (85.9) | 145 (88.4) | 141 (88.1) | 122 (74.8) | 148 (91.9) | 0.398 |
 Kt/V (Daugirdes) | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.74 ± 0.30 | 1.81 ± 0.32 | 1.78 ± 0.31 | 1.78 ± 0.33 | 0.510 |
 nPCR (g/kg/day) | 1.21 ± 0.37 | 1.21 ± 0.37 | 1.21 ± 0.37 | 1.23 ± 0.37 | 1.20 ± 0.41 | 0.838 |
 Residual daily urine of > 100 mL | 202 (31.2) | 52 (32.5) | 50 (31.4) | 56 (36.6) | 44 (27.3) | 0.538 |
Biochemical Data | ||||||
 Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.32 ± 1.22 | 10.14 ± 1.27 | 10.24 ± 1.21 | 10.38 ± 1.19 | 10.53 ± 1.20 | 0.003 |
 Albumin (g/dL) | 3.98 ± 0.33 | 3.94 ± 0.32 | 3.98 ± 0.34 | 4.01 ± 0.34 | 3.99 ± 0.32 | 0.087 |
 Albumin of < 3.6 g/dL | 75 (11.5) | 26 (20.6) | 19 (11.9) | 17 (10.4) | 13 (8.1) | 0.019 |
 Creatinine (mg/dL) | 10.99 ± 2.38 | 10.8 ± 2.6 | 10.8 ± 2.2 | 11.1 ± 2.4 | 11.3 ± 2.4 | 0.020 |
 Transferrin saturation (%) | 26.3 ± 11.4 | 28.0 ± 12.6 | 26.8 ± 10.9 | 26.9 ± 12.0 | 23.8 ± 10.0 | 0.003 |
 Ferritin (μg/L) | 260.7 (79.8, 467.3) | 321.7 (110.8, 504.6) | 336.6 (99.2, 480.5) | 257.0 (71.2, 487.1) | 144.4 (53.6, 383.5) | 0.001 |
 Corrected-calcium (mg/dL) | 9.86 ± 0.93 | 9.7 ± 0.9 | 10.0 ± 1.0 | 9.9 ± 0.8 | 9.8 ± 1.0 | 0.236 |
 Phosphate (mg/dL) | 4.82 ± 1.31 | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 4.8 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 0.137 |
 Intact parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) | 239.1 (88.8, 444.4) | 216.2 (80.4 408.6) | 249.1 (86.9, 423.5) | 230.3 (98.6, 472.7) | 248.1 (103.0, 475.3) | 0.229 |
 HsCRP (mg/L) | 2.59 (1.21, 7.04) | 2.88 (1.28, 8.93) | 2.51 (1.07, 6.16) | 2.71 (1.36, 6.34) | 2.40 (1.25, 7.24) | 0.296 |
 HsCRP of > 3.0 mg/dL | 296 (45.7) | 78 (47.6) | 69 (43.3) | 78 (47.9) | 71 (44.1) | 0.732 |
Cardiovascular Risks | ||||||
 Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 171.7 ± 37.3 | 170.3 ± 35.1 | 174.1 ± 39.3 | 172.8 ± 38.2 | 170.0 ± 36.7 | 0.865 |
 Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 142.4 ± 97.3 | 141.6 ± 96.8 | 142.0 ± 103.7 | 147.6 ± 105.6 | 138.6 ± 82.1 | 0.924 |
 Serum chromium (μg/L) | 0.57 (0.29, 1.06) | 0.20 (0.14, 0.24) | 0.39 (0.34, 0.46) | 0.80 (0.65,0.92) | 1.59 (1.26, 2.26) | < 0.001 |