|
Ballardie 2002 [10]
|
18 to 54 years
|
38(19/19)
|
Prednisolone 40 mg/d (reduced to 10 mg/d by 2 year) + cyclophosphamide 1.5 mg/kg/day (adjusted down to the nearest 50 mg)
|
no immunosuppression
|
24 M
|
|
Cheng 2015 [11]
|
18–55 years old, hypertension under control, urinary proteins 0.5–3.5 g/24 h, Cr < 265.2 μmol/L
|
84(42/42)
|
leflunomide 20 mg/d + Valsartan
|
Valsartan
|
24 M
|
|
Cruzado 2011 [12]
|
18–70 years old, eGFR 30-60 ml/min/1.73m2, proteinuria > 1 g/d; BP > 140/90 mmHg with proteinuria 0.3-1 g/d
|
23(14/9)
|
SRL 1 mg/d (initial) + enalapril (or ACEI) + atorvastatin (or other statin)
|
Enalapril (or ACEI) + atorvastatin (or other statin)
|
12 M
|
|
Frisch 2005 [13]
|
18–75 years old, protein> 1 g/d
|
32(17/15)
|
MMF 1000 mg bid +ACEI/ARB
|
Placebo + ACEI/ARB
|
12 M
|
|
Harmankaya 2002 [14]
|
13–63 years, mean Ccr 89.2 ± 10.2 ml/min
|
43(21/22)
|
Prednisolone 40 mg/day + azathioprine 100 mg/day
|
no specific treatment
|
60 M
|
|
Hirai 2017 [15]
|
urinary protein excretion > 0.5 g/day, age > 16 years
|
42(21/21)
|
MZR 150 mg once daily orally in the morning for 12 months + Standard treatment
|
Standard treatment
|
36 M
|
|
Hogg 2015 [16]
|
7–70 years old; UPCR > 0.6 g/g (males) or > 0.8 g/g (females); eGFR> 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 (or > 40 mL/min/1.73 m2 in those already receiving ACE or ARB).
|
52(25/27)
|
MMF 25 to 36 mg/kg/d (Max dose of 1 g/d) + lisinopril
|
lisinopril or placebo 25 to 36 mg/kg/d (Max dose of 1 g/d)
|
12 M
|
|
Julian 1993 [17]
|
Ccr > 25 ml/min/1.73 m2
|
35(17/18)
|
prednisone
|
no placebo
|
12 M
|
|
Yoshikawa 1999a [18]
|
< 15 Years old
|
78(40/38)
|
Prednisolone 2 mg/kg/d in three divided doses for a total dose of not more than 80 mg/d for 4w, followed by 2 mg/kg /2d, given as a single dose in the morning of every other day for 4w, 1.5 mg/kg/2d for 4w, and 1 mg/kg/2d for 21 m + azathioprine 2 mg/kg/d in a single morning dose for 24 m + heparin-warfarin + dipyridamole
|
heparin-warfarin + dipyridamole
|
24 M
|
|
Katafuchi 2003 [19]
|
≤60 years old, Cr < 1.5 mg/dl(132.6umol/L)
|
90(43/47)
|
prednisolone orally: 20 mg/d for 1 month, followed by 15 mg/d for 1 month, 10 mg/d for 1 month, 7.5 mg/d for 3 months, and 5 mg/d for 18 months + dipyridamole 150–300 mg/day
|
Dipyridamole 150–300 mg/day
|
60 M
|
|
Kim 2013 [20]
|
18–70 years old, serum creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dL or eGFR ≥45 ml/min/1.73 m2, UACR 0.3-3 g/g creatinine, BP < 130/80 mmHg
|
40(20/20)
|
Tacrolimus 0.1 mg/kg/day, 8 weeks (maintain trough levels at 5–10 ng/ml) → 0.05 mg/kg/day, 16 weeks (maintain the trough level in 5–10 ng/ml) + RASi(9/20)
|
RASi(11/20), placebo
|
16 W
|
|
Koike 2008 [21]
|
NA
|
48(24/24)
|
initially treated with 0.4 mg/kg/day of prednisolone (20–30 mg/day) for the first 4 weeks, and the dose was gradually reduced to 10–20 mg on alternate days for the next 12 months, and then 5–10 mg on alternate days for a subsequent year
|
Dipyridamole or dilazep hydrochloride
|
24 M
|
|
Pozzi 1999b [22]
|
15–69 years old, urinary protein excretion of 1.0–3.5 g/d, Cr ≤ 133 umol/L (1.5 mg/dL)
|
86(43/43)
|
methylprednisolone intravenously for 3 consecutive days; this course was repeated 2 months and 4 months later. Oral prednisone was given at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg on alternate days for 6 months.
|
Supportive treatment
|
60 M
|
|
Lai 1986 [23]
|
14–42 years old, IgAN & NS
|
34(17/17)
|
prednisone/prednisolone 40-60 mg/d, reduce by half after 8 weeks
|
Supportive therapy
|
38 M
|
|
Lv 2009 [24]
|
18–65 years old, urinary proteins 1–5 g/d, eGFR> 30 ml/min
|
63(33/30)
|
prednisone: 0.8–1.0 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks, tapered by 5–10 mg every 2 weeks + cilazapril
|
cilazapril
|
48 M
|
|
Lv 2017 [25]
|
proteinuria> 1 g/d, eGFR: 20 -120 ml/min/1.73m2
|
262(136/126)
|
oral methylprednisolone (0.6–0.8 mg/kg/d; maximum, 48 mg/d)
|
placebo
|
60 M
|
|
Maes 2004 [26]
|
> 18 years old, inulin clearance 20–70 mL/min/1.73m2, proteinuria > 1 g/day, BP > 140/90 mmHg,
|
34(21/13)
|
MMF: 2 g/d + ACEI
|
Placebo (identical lactose-containing capsules)
|
36 M
|
|
Manno 2009 [27]
|
16–70 years old, proteinuria> 1 g/d, eGFR≥50 ml/min/1.73m2
|
97(48/49)
|
prednisone: 1.0 mg/kg/day (Max: 75 mg/day) for 2 months, tapered by 0.2 mg/kg/day every month ramipril
|
ramipril
|
5Y
|
|
Rauen 2015 [28]
|
proteinuria> 0.75 g/d after 6 months support treatment
|
162(82/80)
|
Supportive Care (100%) + Immunosuppression
|
RASi (77/80)
|
36 M
|
|
Shoji 2000 [29]
|
15–55 years old, proteinuria less than 1.5 g/d, serum creatinine level less than 1.5 mg/dL
|
19(11/8)
|
prednisolone 0.8 mg/kg of body weight; this was gradually reduced to a daily dose of 0.4 mg/kg of body weight during the first month of therapy, and then tapered to 10 mg very other day for the remainder of the 1 year of therapy
|
Dipyridamole 300 mg/day
|
12 M
|
|
Tang 2005c[30]
|
urinary proteins> 1 g/d, BP < 125/85 mmHg, Cr < 300umol/L(3.4 mg/dl)
|
40(20/20)
|
MMF 2 g/day (weight ≥ 60 kg), 1.5 g/day (weight < 60 kg) + ACEI/ARB(16:4)
|
ACEI/ARB (14:6)
|
72 W
|
|
Walker 1990 [31]
|
24 h pro> 1.0 g/d, 120umol/L < Cr < 200umol/L one or more
|
52(25/27)
|
Cyclophosphamide (1–2 mg/kg/24 h - maximum of 100 mg/24 h and ajusted according to peripheral white cell counts) + dipyridamole +warfarin
|
no treatment
|
2Y
|
|
Wu 2016 [32]
|
18–55 years, proteinuria of 0.5–3.5 g/d, serum creatinine < 265 μmol/L, blood pressure between 90/60 and 130/80 mmHg
|
399(100/299)
|
Leflunomide 20 mg/d + telmisartan + clopidogrel placebo
|
Telmisartan + Leflunomide placebo + clopidogrel placebo & Telmisartan + clopidogrel + Leflunomide placebo & Telmisartan + clopidogrel
|
24w
|
|
Xie 2011 [33]
|
14–70 years old, urinary protein excretion: 0.5 to 3.5 g/24 h, Cr < 353.6 umol/L
|
64(34/30)
|
MZR 200 mg/d (weight < 50 kg), 250 mg/d (weight > 50 kg), 150 mg/d (Cr > 176.8 umol/L) + losartan
|
Losartan
|
12 M
|
|
Woo 1987 [34]
| |
48(27/21)
|
cyclophosphamide 1.5 mg/kg per day+ dipyridamole + warfarin
|
No treatment
|
36 M
|
