Table 1 Characteristics of randomized controlled trials included in this meta-analysis

Goodman/2000 [12]

USA

Cinacalcet 48.6 (12.4)

Control 54.7 (16.8)

HD

R-568, 100 mg/d,

N = 16

Placebo, N = 5

24 days

All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nausea, and hypocalcemia.

Goodman/2002 [13]

USA

NA

HD

AMG 073, 10–50 mg/d,

N = 23

Placebo, N = 7

15 days

All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nausea, and hypocalcemia.

Lindberg/2003 [14]

USA

Cinacalcet 52.7 (16.4)

Control 48.8 (15.6)

HD

AMG 073, 10–50 mg/d,

N = 39

Placebo, N = 39

18 weeks

Serum PTH, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nausea, and hypocalcemia.

Quarles/2003 [15]

USA

Cinacalcet 49.6 (8.5)

Control 47.9 (14.2)

HD

AMG 073, 25–100 mg/d,

N = 36

Placebo, N = 35

18 weeks

Serum PTH, calcium, phosphate, and calcium phosphorus product.

Block/2004 [9]

USA

Cinacalcet 54 (14)

Control 55 (15)

HD

Cinacalcet, 30–180 mg/d,

N = 371

Placebo, N = 370

26 weeks

Serum PTH, phosphate, calcium phosphorus product, all-cause mortality, nausea, vomiting, and hypocalcemia.

Charytan/2005 [16]

USA

Cinacalcet 60.6 (15.6)

Control 61.9 (15.1)

CKD

Cinacalcet, 30–180 mg/d,

N = 27

Placebo, N = 27

18 weeks

All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nausea, and hypocalcemia.

Lindberg/2005 [17]

USA

Cinacalcet 51.8 (14)

Control 53.5 (13.9)

HD

PD

Cinacalcet, 30–180 mg/d,

N = 294

Placebo, N = 101

26 weeks

Serum PTH, calcium, phosphate, calcium phosphorus product, all-cause mortality, nausea, and vomiting.

Akiba/2008 [18]

Japan

Cinacalcet 56.7 (9.2)

Control 51.8 (7.5)

HD

Cinacalcet, 12.5–50 mg/d,

N = 91

Placebo, N = 30

5 weeks

All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nausea, vomiting, and hypocalcemia.

Fishbane/2008 [19]

USA

Cinacalcet 57.7 (14.9)

Control 59 (12.4)

HD

Cinacalcet,

30–180 mg/d plus paricalcitol 2 g or doxercalciferol 1 g,

N = 87

Paricalcitol 2 g or doxercalciferol 1 g,

N = 86

27 weeks

All-cause mortality, nausea, vomiting, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia.

Fukagawa/2008 [20]

Japan

Cinacalcet 54.7 (11)

Control 55.7 (11.7)

HD

Cinacalcet, 30–180 mg/d,

N = 72

Placebo, N = 71

14 weeks

Serum calcium, phosphate, calcium phosphorus product, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nausea, vomiting, and hypocalcemia.

Messa/2008 [21]

Italy

Cinacalcet 58.5 (14.5)

Control 58.3 (14.5)

HD

Cinacalcet, 30–180 mg/d,

N = 368

Conventional Care,

N = 184

23 weeks

Serum PTH, calcium, phosphate, calcium phosphorus product, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nausea, vomiting, and hypocalcemia.

Chonchol/2009 [22]

USA

Cinacalcet 64.7 (13.3)

Control 66.2 (12.2)

CKD

Cinacalcet, 30–180 mg/d,

N = 302

Placebo,

N = 102

32 weeks

Serum calcium, phosphate, calcium phosphorus product, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nausea, vomiting, and hypocalcemia.

EI-Shafey/2011 [23]

Egypt

Cinacalcet 51.5 (12.7)

Control 51.8 (15.0)

HD

Cinacalcet, 30–180 mg/d,

N = 55

conventional therapy

(intravenous alfacalcidol thrice weekly at the end of their dialysis session and phosphate binders), N = 27

36 weeks

Serum PTH, calcium, phosphate, calcium phosphorus product, all-cause mortality, nausea, vomiting, and hypocalcemia.

Raggi/2011 [24]

USA

Cinacalcet 61.2 (12.6)

Control 61.8 (12.8)

HD

Cinacalcet, 30–180 mg/d

plus low-dose vitamin D,

N = 180

Same dose of vitamin D prescribed N = 180

52 weeks

All-cause mortality, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia.

EVOLVE/2012 [25]

USA

Cinacalcet 55.0 (35–74)

Control 54.0 (35–73)

HD

Cinacalcet, 30–180 mg/d,

N = 1948

Placebo, N = 1935

20 weeks

All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nausea, vomiting, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia.

Ketteler/2012 [26]

Germany

Cinacalcet 59.9 (12.0)

Control 61.2 (12.7)

HD

Cinacalcet (dose unclear) plus low-dose vitamin D

N = 134

Paricalcitol 0.07 μg/kg IV

or iPTH/60 PO N = 134

28 weeks

All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nausea, vomiting, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia.

Kim/2013 [27]

Korea

Cinacalcet 48.8 (11.5)

Control 47.2 (8.4)

PD

Cinacalcet, 25–50 mg/d plus low-dose vitamin D,

N = 33

N = 33

Same dose of vitamin D

prescribed N = 33

20 weeks

All-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality.

Urena-Torres/2013 [28]

France

Cinacalcet 57.9 (13.6)

Control 57.0 (14.6)

HD

Cinacalcet, 25–50 mg/d plus low-dose vitamin D, N = 154

Same dose of vitamin D

prescribed N = 155

52 weeks

All-cause mortality, nausea, vomiting, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia.

Bell/2015 [29]

USA

Cinacalcet 52.4 (13.7)

Control 50.7 (13.6)

HD

Cinacalcet, 5–10 mg/d,

N = 40

Placebo, N = 38

4 weeks

All-cause mortality, nausea, vomiting, and hypercalcemia.

Wetmore/2015[30]

USA

Cinacalcet 53 (21–81)

Control 55 (22–86)

HD

Cinacalcet, 30–180 mg/d,

N = 155

vitamin D (dose unclear),

N = 157

52 weeks

Serum PTH, calcium, phosphate, all-cause mortality, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia.

Mei/2016[31]

China

Cinacalcet 50.02 (11.17)

Control 50.12 (11.34)

HD

Cinacalcet, 25–100 mg/d,

N = 118

Placebo, N = 114

16 weeks

Serum PTH, calcium, phosphate, calcium phosphorus product, nausea, vomiting, and hypocalcemia.