Table 1 Participant summary characteristics
Characteristic | All (n = 85) | No DKD (n = 42) | DKD (n = 43) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2, SD) | 75.0 ± 21.4 | 83.8 ± 13.3 | 66.5 ± 24.4 | < 0.01 |
Mean Baseline ACR (mg/mmol, SD) | 17.9 ± 62.1 | 1.0 ± 0.67 | 34.4 ± 84.6 | 0.01 |
Male, n (%) | 50 (58.8) | 24 (57.1) | 26 (60.5) | 0.76 |
Age at 1st injection (years, SD) | 64.4 ± 9.4 | 62.9 ± 7.7 | 65.8 ± 10.6 | 0.16 |
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 66 (77.6) | 30 (71.4) | 36 (83.7) | 0.17 |
Mean Duration of diabetes (years, SD) | 16.5 ± 11.4 | 16.2 ± 12.4 | 16.7 ± 10.6 | 0.85 |
Mean HbA1c (mmol/mol, SD) | 67.3 ± 16.1 | 65.7 ± 13.1 | 68.9 ± 18.5 | 0.36 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 71 (83.5) | 30 (71.4) | 41 (95.3) | < 0.01 |
Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 65 (76.5) | 31 (73.8) | 34 (79.1) | 0.57 |
Coronary Heart Disease or Heart Failure, n (%) | 31 (36.5) | 11 (26.2) | 20 (46.5) | 0.05 |
Cerebrovascular Disease, n (%) | 12 (14.1) | 2 (4.8) | 10 (23.3) | 0.03 |
Never smoked, n (%) | 53 (62.4) | 28 (66.6) | 25 (58.1) | 0.04 |
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, n (%) | 41 (48.2) | 19 (45.2) | 22 (51.2) | 0.59 |
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist, n (%) | 14 (16.5) | 6 (14.3) | 8 (18.6) | 0.59 |
Calcium Channel Blocker, n (%) | 34 (40.0) | 12 (28.6) | 22 (51.2) | 0.03 |
Thiazide Diuretic, n (%) | 7 (8.2) | 2 (4.8) | 5 (11.6) | 0.43 |
Spironolactone, n (%) | 3 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (7.0) | 0.24 |
Loop Diuretic, n (%) | 13 (15.3) | 1 (2.4) | 12 (27.9) | < 0.01 |
Beta Blocker, n (%) | 26 (30.6) | 8 (19.0) | 18 (41.9) | 0.02 |
Statin, n (%) | 68 (80.0) | 32 (76.2) | 36 (83.7) | 0.39 |
Metformin, n (%) | 53 (62.4) | 24 (57.1) | 29 (67.4) | 0.33 |
Aspirin, n (%) | 39 (45.9) | 20 (47.6) | 19 (44.2) | 0.75 |
Alpha Blockers, n (%) | 11 (12.9) | 4 (9.5) | 7 (16.3) | 0.52 |
Clopidogrel, n (%) Proton Pump Inhibitor, n (%) | 12 (14.1) 24 (28.2) | 7 (16.6) 10 (23.9) | 5 (11.6) 14 (32.6) | 0.51 0.37 |