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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Laser Doppler blood flowmeter as a useful instrument for the early detection of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in hemodialysis patients: an observational study

Ā 

Non-PAD (nā€‰=ā€‰106)

PAD (nā€‰=ā€‰22)

p

Age (year)

59.8

(50.0, 70.0)

71.8

(64.0,81.0)

0.0004

Dialysis Vintage (years)

7.0

(3.0, 14.0)

9.0

(7.0, 11.0)

NS

BMI (kg/m2)

23.2

Ā±

4.4

22.1

Ā±

4.5

NS

Ā 

Yes

No

Ā 

Yes

No

Ā Ā 

DM (y/n %)

30

76

28.30%

13

9

59.10%

0.0115

Sex (male/female)

19

87

82.10%

4

18

81.80%

NS

SBP (mmHg)

149.3

Ā±

21.3

146.2

Ā±

21.9

NS

DBP (mmHg)

81

Ā±

13.7

71.3

Ā±

13.5

0.0056

Online HDF (y/n)

16

106

15.10%

3

22

13.60%

NS

Total Fluid Removal (kg)

3.3

2.7

3.8

2.6

2.2

3.4

0.0134

KtV

1.4

(1.4, 1.5)

1.4

1.3

1.5

0.893

CGR (%)

104.8

(100.0, 109.6)

86.3

(78.3, 94.3)

0.0002

nPCR (g/kg/day)

0.9

(0.9, 1.0)

0.8

(0.8, 0.9)

0.006

Anticoagulant for dialysis n (%)

Hepaline

Low Molecular

Nafamostat

Hepaline

Low Molecular

Nafamostat

Ā 
Ā 

77 / 72.6%

22 / 20.8%

6 / 5.7%

11 / 50.0%

7 / 31.8%

6 / 5.7%

Ā 

Fontaine grade I n (%)

99

Ā 

93.40%

8

Ā 

36.40%

Ā 

Fontaine grade II n (%)

7

Ā 

6.60%

3

Ā 

13.60%

Ā 

Fontaine grade III n (%)

0

Ā 

0%

5

Ā 

22.70%

Ā 

Fontaine grade IV n (%)

0

Ā 

0%

6

Ā 

27.30%

Ā 

Hb (g/dL)

11.2

Ā±

0.9

10.8

Ā±

1.2

NS

Ht (%)

34.5

Ā±

2.8

34

Ā±

4.0

NS

Fe (Ī¼g/dL)

76.1

Ā±

22.5

61.7

Ā±

22.2

0.0114

Ferritin (ng/mL)

41.5

(20.3, 81.7)

60.3

(28, 106.3)

NS

TSAT (%)

26.8

(21.7, 33.9)

24.3

(16.5, 29.8)

NS

BUN (mg/dL)

68.2

(65.5, 70.9)

58.6

(51.8, 65.4)

0.0111

Cr (g/dL)

12.5

(11.9, 13.0)

9.5

(8.5, 10.5)

<ā€‰0.0001

UA (mg/dL)

7.6

(6.6, 8.5)

7.2

(5.6, 7.9)

0.0326

CRP (ng/mL)

0.2

(0.1, 0.4)

0.5

(0.1, 1.2)

0.0104

Na (mEq/L)

139.2

(137.3, 140.5)

137.5

(136.2, 139.2)

NS

K (mEq/L)

4.9

(4.5, 5.2)

4.4

(4.2, 4.8)

0.004

Cl (mEq/L)

101.7

(100,0103.3)

101.7

(100, 104.0)

NS

Pi (mg/dL)

5.6

(5.4, 5.9)

5.1

(4.6, 5.7)

0.1148

Ca (mg/dL)

8.5

(8.1, 9.2)

8.2

(7.9, 8.6)

NS

iPTH (pg/mL)

254.5

(224.4, 284.7)

264.9

(194.2, 335.6)

0.7828

Alb (g/mL)

3.7

(3.6, 3.7)

3.3

(3.1, 3.5)

0.0003

Ret (%0)

16.1

(15, 17.1)

16.8

(13.5, 20.1)

0.6495

TP (g/dL)

7.0

(6.7, 7.2)

6.9

(6.7, 7.3)

NS

Tcho (mg/dL)

164.9

(158.7, 171.2)

137.8

(127.1, 148.4)

<ā€‰0.0001

TG (mg/dL)

143.1

(125.0, 161.3)

94.7

(74.3, 115.2)

0.0006

LDL (mg/dL)

88.0

(74.0, 114.5)

68.3

(58.8, 82.3)

0.003

HDL (mg/dL)

47.9

(45.1, 50.7)

45.8

(39.7, 51.9)

0.5126

Ī²2MG (mg/L)

28.1

(26.9, 29.2)

31.1

(28.1, 34.1)

0.061

ESA dose (Ī¼g/week)

6.6

(3.0, 10.0)

11.3

(4.2, 17.8)

NS

Vitamin D (Ī¼g/week)

0.0

(0.0, 2.5)

0.0

(0.0, 2.5)

NS

Cinacalcet (mg/week)

0.0

(0.0350.0)

87.5

(0.0350.0)

NS

Ā 

Yes

No

Yes (%)

Yes

No

Yes (%)

Ā 

Ca antagonist (y/n)

62

44

58.50%

5

17

22.70%

0.0041

ACE/ARB (y/n)

30

76

28.30%

5

17

22.70%

NS

Alpha blocker (y/n)

5

101

4.70%

2

20

9.10%

NS

Alpha beta blocker (y/n)ā€‰+ā€‰B35

35

71

30.00%

6

16

27.30%

NS

Aspirin (y/n)

21

85

19.80%

9

13

40.90%

0.0506

Ticlopidine hydrochloride (y/n)

3

103

2.80%

0

22

0.00%

NS

Clopidogrel sulfate (y/n)

8

98

7.60%

4

18

18.20%

NS

Cilostazol (y/n)

1

105

0.90%

3

19

13.60%

0.016

  1. Systolic Bp, Alb, Cr, and other covariates were decreased in the PAD group.
  2. SPP skin perfusion pressure, LDF laser Doppler flowmetry, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, Hb hemoglobin, HT hypertension, TSAT transferrin saturation, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Cr creatinine, UA uric acid, CRP C-reactive protein, iPTH intact parathyroid hormone, Alb albumin, TP total protein, Tcho total cholesterole, TG triglycerides, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, Ī²2MG beta-2 microglobulin, KtV measure of dialysis, CGR creatinine generation rate, nPCR normalized protein catabolic rate, ESA erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, DM diabetes mellitus, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, NS not significant, y/n yes/no.
  3. Data are presented as n(%), meanā€‰Ā±ā€‰sd, or median (interquartile range)