Table 1 Demographic data of CUA cases and the matched dialysis controls
Parameter | N | Total CUA cases | N | Non dialysis cases | N | Dialysis cases | N | Dialysis controls | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 89 | 70 (63–78) | 19 | 71 (58–79) | 70 | 70 (64–78) | 140 | 69 (63–77) | |
Females | 89 | 57 (64.0%) | 19 | 8 (42.1%) | 70 | 49 (70.0%) | 140 | 98 (70.0%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 89 | 31.0 (25.3–37.3) | 19 | 34.6 (28.6–39.2) | 70 | 30.7 (24.5–37.1) | 137 | 25.1 (21.6–28.6) | < 0.001 |
Overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) | 20 (22.5%) | 6 (31.6%) | 14 (20.0%) | 40 (29.2%) | |||||
Obesity (BMI 30–40 kg/m2) | 33 (37.1%) | 10 (52.6%) | 23 (32.9%) | 26 (19.0%) | |||||
Severe obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m2) | 16 (18.0%) | 3 (15.8%) | 13 (18.6%) | 3 (2.2%) | |||||
Loss of weight within 6 months before diagnosis (kg) | 82 | 3.5 (0.5–7.0) | 16 | 7.0 (3.0–15.9) | 66 | 3.0 (0.0–6.0) | 134 | 0.0 (−1.1–1.5) | < 0.001 |
CKD stage (eGFR) | 89 | 19 | 70 | 140 | |||||
CKD Stage 4 (15–30 mL/min/1.73m2) | 4 (4.5%) | 4 (21.0%) | |||||||
CKD Stage 5 (< 15 mL/min/1.73m2) | 15 (16.8%) | 15 (70.0%) | |||||||
CKD stage 5 under Hemodialysis | 67 (75.3%) | 67 (95.7%) | 140 (100%) | ||||||
CKD stage 5 under PD | 3 (3.4%) | 3 (4.2%) | |||||||
CAD | 89 | 41 (46.1%) | 19 | 6 (31.6%) | 70 | 35 (50.0%) | 140 | 50 (35.7%) | 0.047 |
Heart failure | 89 | 51 (57.3%) | 19 | 11 (57.9%) | 70 | 40 (57.1%) | 140 | 34 (24.3%) | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 89 | 14 (15.7%) | 19 | 3 (15.8%) | 70 | 11 (15.7%) | 140 | 25 (17.9%) | 0.70 |
PAD with symptoms | 89 | 35 (39.3%) | 19 | 4 (21.1%) | 70 | 31 (44.3%) | 140 | 40 (28.6%) | 0.02 |
Diabetes mellitus | 89 | 60 (67.4%) | 19 | 17 (89.5%) | 70 | 43 (61.4%) | 140 | 56 (40.0%) | 0.003 |
Arterial Hypertension | 89 | 85 (95.5%) | 19 | 18 (94.7%) | 70 | 67 (95.7%) | 140 | 121 (86.4%) | 0.04 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 89 | 52 (58.4%) | 19 | 11 (57.9%) | 70 | 41 (58.6%) | 140 | 87 (62.1%) | 0.61 |
History of smoking | 89 | 20 (22.5%) | 19 | 6 (31.6%) | 70 | 14 (20.0%) | 137 | 23 (16.8%) | 0.57 |
Parathyroidectomy | 89 | 4 (4.5%) | 19 | 0 (0.0%) | 70 | 4 (5.7%) | 140 | 8 (5.71%) | 1 |
History of pathologic fracture | 89 | 19 (21.3%) | 19 | 2 (10.5%) | 70 | 17 (24.3%) | 140 | 17 (12.1%) | 0.02 |
Progressive cancer | 89 | 9 (10.1%) | 19 | 2 (10.5%) | 70 | 7 (10.0%) | 140 | 14 (10.0%) | 1 |
Hepatobiliary disease | 89 | 15 (16.9%) | 19 | 2 (10.5%) | 70 | 13 (18.6%) | 140 | 16 (11.4%) | 0.16 |
Chronic alcoholism | 89 | 7 (7.9%) | 19 | 2 (10.5%) | 70 | 5 (7.1%) | 140 | 6 (4.3%) | 0.51 |
Connective tissue disease | 89 | 7 (7.9%) | 19 | 2 (10.5%) | 70 | 5 (7.1%) | 140 | 5 (3.6%) | 0.31 |
Thrombophilia | 89 | 5 (5.6%) | 19 | 0 (0.0%) | 70 | 5 (7.1%) | 140 | 8 (5.7%) | 0.76 |