Table 3 Nutrition intake and intake-to-recommended allowance ratio according to dialysis modality

Energy (kcal)

1547.45 ± 380.83

1203.37 ± 387.78

0.001^**

1647.29 ± 389.97

1375.00 ± 308.55

0.058

1319.21 ± 434.25

1070.98 ± 287.18

0.080

(%)

(79.8 ± 26.1)

(53.5 ± 19.6)

(0.000^***)

(76.8 ± 28.4)

(85.0 ± 21.9)

(0.421)

(56.36 ± 23.24)

(50.22 ± 14.52)

(0.401)

Carbohydrate (g)

231.98 ± 55.40

176.87 ± 54.66

0.000^***

245.53 ± 57.53

208.57 ± 44.63

0.078

193.38 ± 62.12

158.00 ± 38.66

0.076

(%)

(95.7 ± 31.2)

(63.1 ± 23.1)

(0.000^***)

(91.6 ± 34.3)

(102.8 ± 25.0)

(0.356)

(66.35 ± 27.9)

(59.31 ± 16.16)

(0.399)

Fat (g)

40.97 ± 13.07

32.75 ± 12.71

0.016^*

43.78 ± 13.74

36.13 ± 10.71

0.124

34.97 ± 13.22

30.21 ± 12.07

0.314

(%)

(65.4 ± 24.0)

(45.0 ± 18.7)

(0.001^**)

(62.7 ± 24.4)

(69.9 ± 23.6)

(0.437)

(46.00 ± 19.71)

(43.82 ± 18.09)

(0.756)

Protein (g)

62.92 ± 25.39

50.60 ± 19.65

0.040^*

67.50 ± 29.45

55.01 ± 14.11

0.199

56.41 ± 22.54

43.97 ± 13.66

0.084

(%)

(76.6 ± 20.6)

(81.7 ± 16.6)

(0.295)

(85.1 ± 20.4)

(61.8 ± 10.1)

(0.001^**)

(87.72 ± 19.66)

(74.77 ± 8.49)

(0.026^*)

Dietary Fiber (g)

15.92 ± 4.51

12.29 ± 3.98

0.002^*

16.22 ± 4.91

15.41 ± 3.89

0.642

12.41 ± 4.0

12.15 ± 4.12

0.866

(%)

(63.7 ± 18.1)

(49.2 ± 15.9)

(0.002^**)

(64.9 ± 19.7)

(61.6 ± 15.6)

(0.642)

(49.63 ± 15.93)

(48.6171 ± 16.49)

(0.866)

Water (ml)

687.80 ± 187.49

552.4 ± 176.31

0.006^**

716.23 ± 197.47

638.70 ± 166.01

0.283

575.63 ± 182.22

526.05 ± 172.10

0.452

(%)

(45.9 ± 12.5)

(36.8 ± 11.8)

(0.006^**)

(47.8 ± 13.2)

(42.6 ± 11.1)

(0.283)

(38.38 ± 12.15)

(35.07 ± 11.47)

(0.452)

Vitamin E (mg)

15.33 ± 4.57

10.7 ± 3.78

0.000^***

15.57 ± 4.97

14.92 ± 3.98

0.710

11.20 ± 3.69

10.17 ± 3.95

0.467

(%)

(102.2 ± 30.5)

(71.5 ± 25.2)

(0.000^***)

(103.8 ± 33.1)

(99.4 ± 26.5)

(0.710)

(74.67 ± 24.57)

(67.81 ± 26.36)

(0.467)

Vitamin C (mg)

89.86 ± 38.42

68.94 ± 38.66

0.040^*

87.81 ± 44.17

93.41 ± 27.31

0.708

67.83 ± 33.32

70.21 ± 45.27

0.870

(%)

(99.9 ± 42.7)

(76.6 ± 43.0)

(0.040^*)

(97.6 ± 49.1)

(103.8 ± 30.4)

(0.708)

(75.36 ± 37.02)

(78.01 ± 50.30)

(0.870)

Thiamin (mg)

0.97 ± 0.33

0.81 ± 0.28

0.046^*

1.05 ± 0.37

0.83 ± 0.21

0.089

0.87 ± 0.31

0.73 ± 0.23

0.179

(%)

(80.7 ± 27.6)

(67.3 ± 23.3)

(0.046^*)

(87.2 ± 30.6)

(69.4 ± 17.2)

(0.089)

(72.66 ± 25.93)

(61.07 ± 19.02)

(0.179)

Riboflavin (mg)

0.97 ± 0.28

0.79 ± 0.24

0.009^**

1.00 ± 0.29

0.93 ± 0.26

0.535

0.85 ± 0.25

0.71 ± 0.22

0.130

(%)

(74.8 ± 21.3)

(60.7 ± 18.6)

(0.009^**)

(76.7 ± 22.5)

(71.5 ± 19.7)

(0.535)

(65.58 ± 19.14)

(55.22 ± 16.96)

(0.130)

Niacin (mg)

13.31 ± 4.84

10.77 ± 3.62

0.025^*

14.38 ± 5.52

11.45 ± 2.68

0.061

11.58 ± 3.68

9.84 ± 3.46

0.194

(%)

(83.2 ± 30.3)

(67.3 ± 22.7)

(0.025^*)

(89.9 ± 34.5)

(71.5 ± 16.8)

(0.061)

(72.39 ± 22.98)

(61.51 ± 21.61)

(0.194)

Vitamin B₆ (mg)

1.27 ± 0.4

1.03 ± 0.35

0.017^*

1.36 ± 0.45

1.11 ± 0.25

0.061

1.08 ± 0.37

0.98 ± 0.32

0.437

(%)

(292.4 ± 166.0)

(230.7 ± 121.6)

(0.017^*)

(282.0 ± 161.4)

(310.5 ± 180.0)

(0.658)

(100.11 ± 0.04)

(100.10 ± 0.032)

(0.437)

Folic acid (μg)

400.5 ± 102.59

311.18 ± 88.01

0.001^**

399.71 ± 112.13

402.07 ± 88.8

0.953

324.78 ± 85.50

295.64 ± 91.41

0.375

(%)

(40.1 ± 10.3)

(31.1 ± 8.8)

(0.001^**)

(40.0 ± 11.2)

(40.2 ± 8.9)

(0.953)

(32.48 ± 8.55)

(29.56 ± 9.14)

(0.375)

Vitamin B₁₂ (μg)

7.02 ± 3.98

5.54 ± 2.92

0.106

6.77 ± 3.87

7.45 ± 4.32

0.658

6.29 ± 2.60

4.67 ± 3.11

0.132

(%)

(292.4 ± 166.0)

(230.7 ± 121.6)

(0.106)

(282.0 ± 161.4)

(310.5 ± 180.0)

(0.658)

(262.19 ± 108.49)

(194.70 ± 129.58)

(0.132)

Pantothenic Acid (mg)

4.33 ± 1.18

3.23 ± 0.89

0.000^***

4.79 ± 1.08

3.54 ± 0.90

0.003^**

3.58 ± 0.90

2.82 ± 0.71

0.017^*

(%)

(86.6 ± 23.5)

(64.6 ± 17.8)

(0.000^***)

(95.7 ± 21.7)

(70.7 ± 18.1)

(0.003^**)

(71.68 ± 17.97)

(56.47 ± 14.14)

(0.017^*)

Calcium (mg)

394.58 ± 128.42

307.87 ± 104.39

0.006^**

384.39 ± 141.19

412.19 ± 106.79

0.577

320.06 ± 105.12

293.94 ± 105.67

0.504

(%)

(19.7 ± 6.4)

(15.4 ± 5.2)

(0.006^**)

(19.2 ± 7.1)

(20.6 ± 5.3)

(0.577)

(16.11 ± 5.26)

(14.70 ± 5.28)

(0.504)

Phosphorus (mg)

840.45 ± 253.64

670.14 ± 220.90

0.007^**

886.32 ± 283.3

761.20 ± 176.61

0.198

728.73 ± 239.68

603.18 ± 183.08

0.122

(%)

(105.1 ± 31.7)

(83.8 ± 27.6)

(0.007^**)

(110.8 ± 35.4)

(95.2 ± 22.1)

(0.198)

(91.09 ± 29.96)

(75.40 ± 22.89)

(0.122)

Sodium (mg)

3581.06 ± 1235.23

2675.09 ± 818.76

0.002^**

3559.27 ± 1257.9

3618.69 ± 1254.7

0.902

2985.25 ± 791.57

2320.62 ± 720.25

0.024^*

(%)

(179.1 ± 61.8)

(133.8 ± 40.9)

(0.002^**)

(178.0 ± 62.9)

(180.9 ± 62.7)

(0.902)

(149.26 ± 39.58)

(116.03 ± 36.01)

(0.024^*)

Potassium (mg)

2100.44 ± 600.58

1602.47 ± 509.12

0.001^**

2153.44 ± 668.77

2008.91 ± 475.85

0.497

1650.73 ± 546.05

1547.31 ± 477.54

0.588

(%)

(105.0 ± 30.0)

(80.1 ± 25.5)

(0.001^**)

(107.7 ± 33.4)

(100.5 ± 23.8)

(0.497)

(82.54 ± 27.30)

(77.37 ± 23.88)

(0.588)

Cholesterol (mg)

337.25 ± 171.25

259.14 ± 130.88

0.052

375.13 ± 194.12

271.83 ± 98.9

0.113

307.02 ± 136.72

204.42 ± 102.97

0.030^*

(%)

(169.5 ± 86.1)

(130.2 ± 65.8)

(0.052)

(188.5 ± 97.6)

(136.6 ± 49.7)

(0.113)

(154.28 ± 68.70)

(102.72 ± 51.74)

(0.030^*)