Fig. 5

Adjusted hazard ratios of the cumulative composite event rate based on age and physical performance. Elderly hemodialysis patients with low GS and HS exhibited a significantly higher risk of major adverse events (adjusted HR of 5.76, 95% CI of 1.78–18.62; p = 0.012), while physical performance was not associated with composite outcomes in patients under 65 years. The outcome was defined as the composite of all-cause mortality and/or major cardiovascular events, and the composite incidence rate of hemodialysis under 65 years with normal GS and HS was set as the reference. Dots and I bars indicate adjusted HR and 95% CI, respectively. Abbreviations: GS, gait speed; HS, handgrip strength; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval