Association of explanatory histological findings and urinary protein and serum creatinine levels at renal biopsy in lupus nephritis: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Multiple regression analysis of log-transformed urinary protein levels at renal biopsy and histological variables

Variable	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Variable	Coeff [95% CI]	Coeff [95% CI]	Coeff [95% CI]
Active lesions
Endocapillary proliferation	0.66 [− 0.12 to 1.44]	0.64 [− 0.13 to 1.41]	0.67 [− 0.10 to 1.43]
Karyorrhexis	0.93 [−2.11 to 3.97]	0.87 [− 1.14 to 2.87]	0.84 [− 1.16 to 2.83]
Fibrinoid necrosis	−0.12 [− 2.82 to 2.58]
Rupture of glomerular basement membranes	2.34 [−5.52 to 10.21]	2.26 [−4.48 to 9.00]	2.14 [−4.60 to 8.87]
Extracapillary proliferation	1.79 [−0.63 to 4.22]	1.77 [−0.62 to 4.16]	1.84 [− 0.54 to 4.22]
Wire loop lesions	1.08 [0.33 to 1.82]	1.09 [0.35 to 1.83]	1.00 [0.28 to 1.71]
Hyaline deposits	1.18 [−2.65 to 5.00]	1.12 [−2.65 to 4.89]	1.39 [− 2.34 to 5.12]
Membranous lesions	0.64 [−0.07 to 1.35]	0.67 [− 0.02 to 1.35]	0.67 [− 0.01 to 1.36]
Monocellular infiltration (category)	− 0.25 [− 1.48 to 0.98]		− 0.07 [− 0.53 to 0.39]
Chronic lesions
Glomerular sclerosis	1.13 [− 0.28 to 2.54]	1.15 [− 0.24 to 2.54]	1.13 [− 0.24 to 2.49]
Fibrous adhesion	− 0.40 [− 3.41 to 2.62]	−0.35 [− 3.33 to 2.63]	−0.25 [− 3.21 to 2.71]
Fibrous crescents	1.63 [− 3.93 to 7.19]	1.60 [− 3.76 to 6.95]	1.80 [− 3.56 to 7.15]
Interstitial fibrosis (category)	0.23 [− 1.01 to 1.47]	0.00 [− 0.47 to 0.47]
Arteriosclerosis (category)	0.15 [− 0.38 to 0.68]	0.13 [− 0.39 to 0.64]	0.17 [− 0.35 to 0.68]

Proteinuria was log-transformed to obtain a closer approximation to normal distribution. Covariates; Model 1: all independent explanatory variables; Model 2: explanatory variables excluding fibrinoid necrosis and monocellular infiltration; Model 3: explanatory variables excluding fibrinoid necrosis and interstitial fibrosis. Coeff β-Coefficient; CI Confidential interval

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