Association of urinary non-albumin protein with the different urinary marker for glomerular and tubular damage in patients with type 2 diabetes

Table 1 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of type 2 diabetes subjects categorized according to eGFR

Variables	Group 1 eGFR (≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²)	Group 2 eGFR (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m²)	p value
N	269	155
Age, years	54.67 ± 6.04	56.08 ± 6.54	0.026
Male gender (%)	45.0	43.9	0.840
BMI, kg/m²	32.27 ± 5.53	32.49 ± 6.00	0.703
Duration of diabetes, years	17.84 ± 5.26	19.10 ± 6.16	0.026
SBP, mmHg	134.54 ± 18.26	141.50 ± 21.00	<0.001
DBP, mmHg	73.79 ± 10.50	73.89 ± 11.50	0.927
FBS, mg/dL	207.04 ± 87.01	234.44 ± 101.64	0.004
HbA1c, %	10.31 ± 1.59	10.76 ± 2.08	0.012
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	175.81 ± 39.05	198.83 ± 55.03	<0.001
LDL, mg/dL	132.06 ± 40.11	138.29 ± 51.43	0.169
HDL, mg/dL	45.31 ± 11.07	47.81 ± 13.60	0.041
Triglycerides, mg/dL	166.46 ± 80.12	203.57 ± 87.33	<0.001
ACR, mg/g median (IQR)	15.59(5.96–57.67)	167.50(50.66–634.85)	<0.001
PCR, mg/g median (IQR)	118.70(68.32–238.59)	297.37(155.54–1122.93)	< 0.001
NAPCR, mg/g median (IQR)	88.15(50.89–181.95)	186.13(75.09–613.93)	<0.001
Transferrin/Cr, μg/g median (IQR)	348.87(140.82–1021.62)	1334.19(422.58–3117.02)	<0.001
RBP/ Cr, μg/g median (IQR)	315.67(202.93–503.68)	572.96(305.82–1589.01)	<0.001
NGAL/Cr, μg/g median (IQR)	23.47(11.64–48.42)	36.48(15.83–89.87)	<0.001

Group 1,eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²; Group 2, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m²; BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, FBS Fasting blood sugar, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, LDL Low-density lipoprotein, HDL High-density lipoprotein, ACR Albumin-to-creatinine ratio, PCR Total protein-to-creatinine ratio, NAPCR Non-albumin protein -to-creatinine ratio, Transferrin/Cr Transferrin-to-creatinine ratio, RBP/Cr Retinol binding protein-to-creatinine ratio, NGAL/Cr Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin-to-creatinine ratio, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation for parametric variables and median (IQR; Inter quartile range) (25th and 75th) for non-parametric variables and compared by ANOVA. Categorical data are presented as absolute frequencies and compared using the Chi-square test. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant

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