Table 1 Characteristics of included RCTs
First Author | Publication Year | Design | RRT | Control (Target) | Intervention (Target) | Pop. (n) | Mean eGFR (mL/min) | eGFR method | Instrument | % M | Age(y) mean Total (sd) | Mean baseline hemoglobin mg/dl (sd) | Follow up (weeks) | Inclusion criteria | Mean achieved Hb control (sd) | Â | Mean achieved Hb intervention (sd) | Iron target Cointervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Churchill, D (Canadian) | 1990 | Double blind RCT | Yes | 9.5–11.0 | 11.5–13.0 | 78 | 5D | NR | SIP and KDQ | 57 | 44(16) | 7 (1.0) | 24 | CKD-5D stable for 3 months + Hb < 9, HD 3x week | 10.2 (1.0) |  | 11.7 (1.4) | Oral or IV iron at discretion of investigators |
Parfrey, P. S. | 2005 | Double blind RCT | Yes | 9.5–11.5 | 13.5–14.5 | 596 | 5D | R | KDQOL, SF-36 and FACIT | 60 | 51 (15.4) | 11 (1.2) | 72 | CKD incident in HD (3–18 months) + neither HF nor CHD | 10.8 (1.2) |  | 13.1 (1.5) | TSAT > 20% |
Pfeffer, Ma (TREAT) | 2009 | Double blind RCT | No | >  9 | 13 | 4038 | 33 | MDRD | FACIT and SF36 | 41 | 68 (60–75)a | 10.5 (9.8–10.9)a | 97 | eGFR 20–40, diabetic, Hb < 11, TSAT > 15 | 10.6 (9.9–11.3)a |  | 12.5 (12–12.8a) | NR |
Roger, Sd | 2014 | Single blind RCT | No | > 9.5 | 13 | 51 | 27 | MDRD | FACIT and SF36 | 57 | 80 (4.9) | 10 (1.01) | 24 | eGFR 60 - < 15, Hb < 11, TSAT > 15 | 10.5 (10.1–11)b |  | 12.5 (12.1–12.8)b | NR |
Akizawa, T. | 2011 | Open Label | No | 9–11 | 11–13 | 322 | 12 | MDRD | FACIT and SF36 | 50 | 65 (11.8) | 9.15 (0.8) | 28 | Hb < 10 | 10.0 (0.8) |  | 11.7 (0.8) | TSAT > 20%/ferritin > 100 ng/mL |
Singh, Ak (CHOIR) | 2006 | Open Label | No | 11.3 | 13.5 | 1432 | 27 | MDRD | KDQ and SF-36 | 44 | 66 (14.3) | 10.1 (0.9) | 144 | Hb < 11, eGFR 15–50 | 11.3 (0.9) |  | 12.5 (0.9) | NR |
Drueke, T. (CREATE) | 2006 | Open Label | No | 10.5–11.5 | 13–15 | 603 | 24 | Cockcroft–Gault | SF-36 | 57 | 59 (14.6) | 11.6 (0.6) | 48 | Hb < 11, eGFR 15–30 | 11.5 (1.0) |  | 13 (1.0) | Oral or IV iron at discretion of investigators |
Rossert, J.+ | 2006 | Open Label | No | 11.0–12.0 | 13–15 | 390 | 30.3 | NR Cockcroft-G | SF-36 and Katz | 40 | 58 (13.6) | 11.5 (1.0) | 24 | CKD 25–60, TSAT > 20, ferritin > 100 | 12.0 |  | 14.0 | NR |
Villar, E | 2011 | Open Label | No | 11.0–12.9 | 13.0–14.9 | 89 | 30.0 | MDRD | SF-36 | 62 | 65 (8) | 11.4 (0.8) | 48 | DM2, Hb 10–12, eGFR 25–60 | 11.5 | 13.0 |  | Oral or IV iron at discretion of investigators (ferritin > 200mcg/l) |
Furuland, H. | 2003 | Open Label | Both | 9.0–12.0 | 13.5–16.0 | 416 | NR | Iohexol-C | KDQOL | 63 | 63 (13) | 11.0 (1.0) | 48 | Hb 9–12, eGFR < 30 mL/min | 11.5 (1.5) | 13.5 (1) |  | TSAT > 20%,ferritin > 250 mcg/L |
Besarab (Normal Hematocrit) | 1998 | Open Label | Yes | 9.0–11.-0 | 13.0–15.0 | 1233 | 5D | NR | SF-36 | 50 | 65 (12) | 10.1 (1.0) | 72 | CKD-HD,HF or IHD, TSAT > 20 | 10.3 | 13.3 |  | TSAT> 20% |
Foley, Rn | 2000 | Open Label | Yes | 9.5–10.5 | 13.0–14.0 | 146 | 5D | NR | KDQOL, SF-36 | 62 | 62 (56–65)b | 10.4 | 48 | HD > 3 months, LV hypertrophy or dilatation, Hb 9–11 | 10.4 (10.2–10.6)b | 12.2 (12.5–11.9)b |  | TSAT > 20% |
Ritz, E. + (ACORD) | 2007 | Open Label | No | 10.5–11.5 | 13.0–15.0 | 172 | 45 | Cockcroft–Gault | SF-36 | 50 | 58 (49–69)a | 11.9 (11.3.-12)a | 60 | CKD-DM 1 or 2, stage 1–3, Hb 10.5–13 | 11.5 | 13.0 |  | NR |
Levin+ | 2005 | Open Label | No | 9–10.5 | 12–14 | 172 | 28 | MDRD | SF-36 | 70 | 57 (15) | 11.7 (0.8) | 96 | CKD stages 2–4, progressive decline Hb (>  1 g/dL) within 12 m | 11.7 | 13.0 |  | TSAT > 20%, ferritin > 60 mcg/L |
MacMahon+ | 2000 | Double-Blind | Yes | 10.0 | 14.0 | 30 | NR | NR | SIP | NR | NR | 8.5 (0.2) | 12 | Prevalent HD patients > 12 m | 10.0 | 14.0 |  | TSAT > 20%, ferritin > 100 mg/dL |