Table 1 Clinical and ultrasound characteristics of the patients
From: Ultrasound to address medullary sponge kidney: a retrospective study
Characteristic | Value (n = 18) |
|---|---|
Men/Women (n/n) | 4/14 |
Age –mean y (range) | 50 (28–82) |
Family history –no. (%) | 10 (56) |
Prognosis-no.(%) | |
Normal kidney function | 5 (28) |
CKD | 13 (72) |
Hemodialysis | 2 (11) |
Kidney transplant | 3 (17) |
Clinical signs and symptoms-no. (%) | |
Microhematuria | 9 (50) |
Proteinuria | 8 (44) |
Urinary tract infection | 6 (33) |
Renal colic | 6 (33) |
Asymptomatic | 2 (11) |
Not available | 1 (5.5) |
Imaging study-no. (%) | |
Intravenous urography | 0 (0) |
CT | 7 (39) |
Ultrasound | 18 (100) |
Renal cysts characteristics at ultrasound | |
Unilateral/bilateral (n/n) | 2/15 |
Not described (n) | 1 |
Medullary (n) | 6 |
Cortical (n) | 1 |
Cortical and medullary (n) | 5 |
Parenchymal (n) | 3 |
Not described (n) | 3 |
Diameter of medullary cysts (mm) | From 1 mm to 30 mm |
Diameter of cortical cysts (mm) | From 25 mm to 65 mm |
Renal calcifications or renal stones-no. (%) | 16 (89) |
Indication for ultrasound-no. (%) | |
Follow up of CKD | 8 (44) |
Follow up of MSK or renal stones | 7 (39) |
Family history of renal disease | 3 (17) |
Relevant comorbidities (n) | |
Diabetes | 3 |
Nephrectomy | 1 |
Hypertension | 1 |