Table 1 Clinical characteristics
From: Impact of serum phosphate changes on in-hospital mortality
Variables | All | Changes in serum phosphate level during hospitalization (mg/dL) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–0.6 | 0.7–1.3 | 1.4–2.0 | 2.1–2.7 | ≥2.8 | p-value | ||
N | 28,149 | 6840 | 7459 | 5742 | 3713 | 4395 | Â |
Age (year) | 62 ± 17 | 64 ± 17 | 63 ± 17 | 62 ± 17 | 61 ± 17 | 60 ± 17 | < 0.001 |
Male sex | 15,224 (54) | 3690 (54) | 4072 (55) | 3091 (54) | 1946 (52) | 2425 (55) | 0.12 |
Caucasian | 25,650 (91) | 6272 (92) | 6808 (91) | 5300 (92) | 3362 (91) | 3908 (89) | < 0.001 |
Principal diagnosis |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 - Cardiovascular | 4650 (17) | 1389 (20) | 1230 (16) | 817 (14) | 479 (13) | 735 (17) |  |
 - Hematology/oncology | 5864 (21) | 1216 (18) | 1543 (21) | 1415 (25) | 906 (24) | 784 (18) |  |
 - Infectious disease | 1621 (6) | 276 (4) | 372 (5) | 327 (6) | 239 (6) | 407 (9) |  |
 - Endocrine/metabolic | 1241 (4) | 291 (4) | 335 (5) | 217 (4) | 167 (4) | 231 (5) |  |
 - Respiratory | 1423 (5) | 350 (5) | 375 (5) | 295 (5) | 196 (5) | 207 (5) |  |
 - Gastrointestinal | 4274 (15) | 994 (15) | 1145 (15) | 916 (16) | 621 (17) | 598 (14) |  |
 - Genitourinary | 1383 (5) | 237 (3) | 266 (4) | 202 (4) | 185 (5) | 493 (11) |  |
 - Injury and poisoning | 4972 (18) | 1200 (18) | 1379 (18) | 1061 (18) | 634 (17) | 698 (16) |  |
 - Other | 2721 (10) | 887 (13) | 814 (11) | 492 (9) | 286 (8) | 242 (6) |  |
Charlson comorbidity score | 2.3 ± 2.6 | 2.3 ± 2.6 | 2.3 ± 2.6 | 2.4 ± 2.7 | 2.3 ± 2.6 | 2.4 ± 2.5 | 0.24 |
Comorbidity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 - Coronary artery disease | 5943 (21) | 1611 (24) | 1585 (21) | 1156 (20) | 702 (19) | 889 (20) | < 0.001 |
 - Congestive heart failure | 2299 (8) | 573 (8) | 600 (8) | 433 (8) | 259 (7) | 434 (10) | < 0.001 |
 - Peripheral vascular disease | 1211 (4) | 285 (4) | 342 (5) | 258 (4) | 140 (4) | 186 (4) | 0.30 |
 - Stroke | 2211 (8) | 619 (9) | 592 (8) | 418 (7) | 250 (7) | 332 (8) | < 0.001 |
 - Diabetes mellitus | 6743 (24) | 1618 (24) | 1748 (23) | 1318 (23) | 851 (23) | 1208 (27) | < 0.001 |
 - COPD | 2986 (11) | 700 (10) | 825 (11) | 578 (10) | 403 (11) | 480 (11) | 0.28 |
 - Cirrhosis | 1076 (4) | 234 (3) | 267 (4) | 186 (3) | 148 (4) | 241 (5) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 70 ± 34 | 74 ± 31 | 74 ± 32 | 73 ± 33 | 70 ± 35 | 53 ± 39 | < 0.001 |
Acute kidney injury | 11,692 (42) | 2167 (32) | 2627 (35) | 2217 (39) | 1642 (44) | 3039 (69) | < 0.001 |
Number of serum phosphate measurement during hospitalization | 4 (2–7) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–7) | 6 (4–10) | 10 (6–19) | < 0.001 |
Length of hospital stay (day) | 6 (4–11) | 4 (3–7) | 5 (3–8) | 7 (5–11) | 9 (5–15) | 12 (6–24) | < 0.001 |
Admission serum phosphate (mg/dL) | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 |
Mean serum phosphate (mg/dL) | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 |
Lowest serum phosphate (mg/dL) | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
Highest serum phosphate (mg/dL) | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 6.3 ± 1.8 | < 0.001 |