Table 2 Associations of urinary acidification function with clinical and renal pathological features of lupus nephritis (n = 103)
From: Value of monitoring urine ammonia at time of biopsy in patients with lupus nephritis
| Â | pH | Titratable acid (mmol/L) | Ammonia (mmol/L) |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical data | |||
 Gender | |||
  Male | 6.15 ± 0.71 | 13 (8,16.75) | 17 (11,26.25) |
  Female | 6.11 ± 0.59 | 14 (8.5,18) | 27 (16.5,40) |
  p | 0.838 | 0.485 | 0.015 |
 Age (years) | |||
   < 30 | 6.01 ± 0.61 | 16 (9,23) | 27 (18,38) |
  30–60 | 6.19 ± 0.61 | 13 (8.5,15.5) | 26 (16,39) |
   > 60 | 6.10 ± 0.61 | 8 (5.5,15.5) | 14 (10,28) |
  p | 0.385 | 0.050 | 0.086 |
 Hypertension | |||
  Yes | 6.00 ± 0.60 | 12.5 (9,15.25) | 19.5 (12.5,31.75) |
  No | 6.18 ± 0.61 | 14 (8,19) | 32 (17,39) |
  p | 0.156 | 0.433 | 0.051 |
 Nephrotic syndrome | |||
  Yes | 6.30 ± 0.67 | 12.5 (7,16) | 21.5 (13.25,35.75) |
  No | 6.00 ± 0.54 | 14 (10,20) | 27 (15.5,41) |
  p | 0.013 | 0.048 | 0.168 |
 SLEDAI-2 K | |||
  r | 0.077 | −0.114 | − 0.310 |
  p | 0.438 | 0.255 | 0.002 |
 rSLEDAI | |||
  r | 0.216 | − 0.374 | − 0.445 |
  p | 0.029 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Laboratory data | |||
 Hematuria | |||
  Yes | 6.14 ± 0.58 | 14 (8,17) | 24 (14.5,36.5) |
  No | 6.09 ± 0.65 | 13.5 (8.75,21.5) | 25.5 (15.75,41) |
  p | 0.694 | 0.584 | 0.461 |
 Hypokalemia | |||
  Yes | 6.21 ± 0.58 | 12.5 (7.5,15) | 27 (14.25,36) |
  No | 6.10 ± 0.62 | 14 (8,19) | 24 (15.5,38.5) |
  p | 0.513 | 0.420 | 0.802 |
 SCr (umol/L) | |||
  r | −0.256 | −0.106 | −0.500 |
  p | 0.009 | 0.293 | < 0.001 |
 eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | |||
  r | 0.240 | 0.107 | 0.438 |
  p | 0.015 | 0.288 | < 0.001 |
 Urine protein (g/24 h) | |||
  r | 0.226 | −0.301 | −0.230 |
  p | 0.022 | 0.002 | 0.021 |
 C3(g/L) | |||
  r | 0.020 | −0.112 | −0.125 |
  p | 0.848 | 0.276 | 0.224 |
 Anti-dsDNA antibody drops | |||
  r | −0.146 | 0.142 | 0.068 |
  p | 0.369 | 0.381 | 0.675 |
 Nephrotic range proteinuria (> 3.5 g/24 h) | |||
  Yes | 6.28 ± 0.66 | 12 (7,16) | 21.5 (13.25,35.75) |
  No | 5.99 ± 0.54 | 15 (11,21.5) | 27 (15.5,41.5) |
  p | 0.014 | 0.022 | 0.029 |
Pathological features | |||
 AI scores | |||
  r | −0.191 | −0.005 | −0.212 |
  p | 0.054 | 0.961 | 0.033 |
 Endocapillary hypercellularity | |||
  r | −0.170 | 0.146 | −0.027 |
  p | 0.087 | 0.146 | 0.790 |
 Cellular crescents | |||
  r | −0.133 | 0.058 | −0.039 |
  p | 0.182 | 0.563 | 0.698 |
 Karyorrhexis/fibrinoid necrosis | |||
  r | 0.028 | −0.136 | −0.083 |
  p | 0.778 | 0.176 | 0.411 |
 Subendothelial hyaline deposits | |||
  r | −0.075 | −0.001 | −0.090 |
  p | 0.449 | 0.995 | 0.372 |
 Interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration | |||
  r | −0.106 | −0.181 | − 0.377 |
  p | 0.288 | 0.070 | < 0.001 |
 Glomerular leukocyte infiltration | |||
  r | −0.172 | 0.223 | −0.008 |
  p | 0.082 | 0.025 | 0.940 |
 CI scores | |||
  r | 0.167 | −0.418 | −0.474 |
  p | 0.091 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Glomerular sclerosis | |||
  r | 0.061 | −0.236 | −0.345 |
  p | 0.543 | 0.017 | < 0.001 |
 Fibrous crescents | |||
  r | −0.107 | − 0.072 | − 0.222 |
  p | 0.280 | 0.476 | 0.025 |
 Tubular atrophy | |||
  r | 0.258 | −0.447 | − 0.457 |
  p | 0.009 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Interstitial fibrosis | |||
  r | 0.166 | −0.421 | −0.419 |
  p | 0.095 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |