User of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor and/or angiotensin II receptor blocker might be associated with vascular calcification in predialysis chronic kidney disease patients: a retrospective single-center observational study

Table 3 Time-duration association of ACEI/ARB use and vascular calcification volume

	Model A	Model B	Model C	Model D
Adjusted R²	0.493	0.559	0.587	0.597
Age	0.0575 p < 0.0001	0.0638 p < 0.0001	0.0573 p < 0.0001	0.0612 p < 0.0001
Male	0.2862 p = 0.0055	0.2946 p = 0.0031	0.2488 p = 0.0129	0.2587 p = 0.0092
Log [eGFR]	−0.1592 p = 0.1669	0.0202 p = 0.8804	0.1166 p = 0.4002	0.1099 p = 0.4222
Phosphate	–	0.2581 p = 0.0144	0.1928 p = 0.0649	0.1787 p = 0.0838
DM	–	0.2520 p = 0.011	0.2217 p = 0.0230	0.2037 p = 0.0351
Hypertension	–	–	0.2609 p = 0.0221	0.2517 p = 0.0254
Dyslipidemia	–	–	−0.1261 p = 0.2071	−0.1490 p = 0.1356
Diuretics	–	–	0.1836 p = 0.0602	0.1786 p = 0.0643
Malignancy	–	–	–	−0.1694 p = 0.0867
Group 1	reference	reference	reference	reference
Group 2	0.3186 p = 0.0854	0.1600 p = 0.3691	0.0825 p = 0.6372	0.0825 p = 0.6330
Group 3	0.2864 p = 0.0060	0.2605 p = 0.0124	0.2361 p = 0.0203	0.2268 p = 0.0241

Patients were categorized into three groups according to the duration time of ACEI/ARB. Thirty-one patients were excluded from the analysis because of unknown duration time. The effect of the time-duration of ACEI/ARB was analyzed by a multi-regression method using the group category as factors. Group 1, 2, and 3 denote as follows; Group 1 (none or less than 6 months), Group 2 (between 6 months and 2 years) and Group 3 (more than 2 years)
β values (upper line) and statistical p values (lower line) are shown in various regression models. The effects of age and phosphate are shown as per 1 year and per 1 mg/dL, respectively
DM diabetes mellitus, ACEI angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate

ISSN: 1471-2369