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Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics by gender of the study patients

From: The burden of unrecognised chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes at a county hospital clinic in Kenya: implications to care and need for screening

Variable

Overall(N = 385)

N (%)

Female(N = 252)

N (%)

Male (N = 133)

N (%)

OR (95% CI)

P value

Age, years, mean(SD)

63.3

62.1 (12.0)

65.7 (13.7)

–

0.006

BMI,kg/m2,mean (SD)

Categories, n (%)

26.7 (4.6)

    

 Underweight- (< 18.5 kg/m2)

6 (1.6)

4 (1.6)

2 (1.5)

1.5 (0.3–8.3)

0.660

 Normal- (18.5-25 kg/m2)

139 (36.1)

80 (31.7)

59 (44.4)

1.0

–

 Overweight- (25–29.9 kg/m2)

154 (40.0)

102 (40.5)

52 (39.1)

1.4 (0.9–2.3)

0.127

 Obese- (≥30 kg/m2)

86 (22.3)

66 (26.2)

20 (15.0)

2.4 (1.3–4.4)

0.004

Waist Circumference, cm, mean (SD)

Categories, n (%)

92.5 (22.0)

    

 Undesirable, > 102 cm(M)/> 88 cm(F)

224 (58.2)

171 (67.9)

53 (39.8)

3.2 (2.1–4.9)

< 0.001

 Normal

161 (41.8)

81 (32.1)

80 (60.2)

1.0

 

Hypertension, BP > 140/90 mmHg

 Hypertensive, n (%)

191 (49.6)

196 (77.8)

99 (74.4)

1.2 (0.7–2.0)

0.461

 Normal BP

194 (50.4)

56 (22.2)

34 (25.6)

1.0

 

Glycemic control, HbA1c (%)

 Glycaemia, HbA1c %, mean(SD)

8.1 (2.8)

8.3 (3.0)

7.9 (2.7)

–

0.181

 Poor control, HbA1c > 7.0

233 (60.5)

154 (61.1)

79 (59.4)

1.1 (0.7–1.6)

0.744

 Optimal control, HbA1c ≤ 7.0

152 (39.5)

98 (38.9)

54 (40.6)

1.0

 

Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/L

Categories, n (%)

4.6 (1.2)

4.9 (1.2)

4.2 (1.1)

–

< 0.001

 High> 4.120

88 (22.9)

69 (27.4)

19 (14.3)

2.3 (1.3–4.0)

0.004

 Optimal≤4.120

297 (77.1)

183 (72.6)

114 (85.7)

1.0

 

HDL-cholesterol, mean (SD),mmol/L

Categories, n (%)

1.3 (0.9)

1.4 (0.3)

1.3 (1.5)

–

0.719

 Low≤1.0

80 (20.8)

39 (15.5)

41 (30.8)

0.4 (0.2–0.7)

< 0.001

 Optimal> 1.0

305 (79.2)

213 (84.5)

92 (69.2)

1.0

 

Triglycerides, mean (SD), mmol/L

Categories, n (%)

1.7 (1.0)

1.7 (1.0)

1.7 (1.1)

–

0.873

 High > 1.7

210 (54.5)

135 (53.6)

75 (56.4)

0.9 (0.6–1.4)

0.597

 Optimal≤1.7

175 (45.5)

117 (46.4)

58 (43.6)

1.0

 

LDL-cholesterol, mean(SD, mmol/L

Categories, n (%)

2.4 (0.9)

2.6 (0.9)

2.2 (0.9)

–

< 0.001

 High> 2.0

297 (77.1)

206 (81.7)

91 (68.4)

2.1 (1.3–3.4)

0.003

 Optimal≤2.0

88 (22.9)

46 (18.3)

42 (31.6)

1.0

 

CKD/(KDIGO categories)

 G1, eGFR > 90 ml/min/m2

77 (20.0)

53 (21.0)

24 (18.0)

1.0

 

 G2, eGFR 60–90

158 (41.0)

106 (42.1)

52 (39.1)

0.9 (0.5–1.7)

0.789

 G3a eGFR 59–45

81 (21.0)

48 (19.0)

33 (24.8)

0.7 (0.3–1.3)

0.211

 G3b eGFR 44–30

48 (12.5)

30 (11.9)

18 (13.5)

0.8 (0.4–1.6)

0.467

 G4 eGFR 29–15

18 (4.7)

13 (5.2)

5 (3.8)

1.2 (0.4–3.7)

0.779

 G5 eGFR < 15

3 (0.8)

2 (0.8)

1 (0.8)

0.9 (0.1–10.5)

0.937

Albuminuria status

 Albuminuria present

126 (32.7)

80 (31.7)

46 (34.6)

0.9 (0.6–1.4)

0.572

 NO Albuminuria

259 (67.3)

172 (68.3)

87 (65.4)

1.0

 
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