Table 1 Sample Characteristics
Characteristics and Demographics | All Patients (n = 940) | Without ICU AKI (n = 739) | With ICU AKI (n = 201) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 61.3 ±15.9 | 60.1± 16.3 | 65.7 ± 13.9 | <0.001 |
Gender, male | 532 (57%) | 420 (57%) | 112 (56%) | 0.818 |
Ethnicity: | ||||
Chinese | 664 (71%) | 521 (71%) | 143 (72%) | 0.012 |
Malay | 94 (10%) | 69 (9%) | 25 (13%) | |
Indian | 75 (8%) | 54 (7%) | 21 (11%) | |
Others | 105 (11%) | 94 (13%) | 11 (6%) | |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 7.9 | 23.9± 8.2 | 24.6 ± 6.9 | 0.283 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 221 (24%) | 152 (21%) | 69 (34%) | <0.001 |
Ischemic Heart Disease | 92 (10%) | 62 (8%) | 30 (15%) | 0.006 |
Congestive Heart Failure | 29 (3%) | 17 (2%) | 12 (6%) | 0.008 |
Pre-ICU eGFR (ml/min per 1.73m2) | 78.1 ± 33.4 | 83.4 ± 30.8 | 59.2 ± 35.7 | <0.001 |
Pre-ICU Haemoglobin levels (g/dL) | 12.0 ± 2.6 | 12.3± 2.5 | 10.9 ± 2.6 | <0.001 |
Type of surgery: | ||||
Elective | 432 (46%) | 373 (51%) | 59 (29%) | <0.001 |
Emergency | 383 (41%) | 286 (39%) | 97 (48%) | |
No surgery | 125 (13%) | 80 (11%) | 45 (22%) | |
Blood transfusion | 320 (34%) | 216 (29%) | 104 (52%) | <0.001 |
Lowest ICU Haemoglobin in 1st 48 hours (g/dL) | 10.1 ± 2.2 | 10.3 ± 2.2 | 9.0 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
Lowest ICU bicarbonate in 1st 24 hours (mEq/L) | 20.6 ± 4.6 | 21.2 ± 4.2 | 18.4 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
ICU sepsis | 232 (25%) | 134 (18%) | 98 (49%) | <0.001 |
Mean Arterial Pressure ≤ 70mmHg | 197 (21%) | 128 (17%) | 69 (34%) | <0.001 |