Diagnostic accuracy of semiquantitative point of care urine albumin to creatinine ratio and urine dipstick analysis in a primary care resource limited setting in South Africa

Table 3 Other dipstick findings besides ACR in phase 1 and phase 2

	Blood^e	Urobilinogen	Bilirubin	Glucose	Leucocytes	Nitrites
Phase 2 (n = 700) (Sysmex 12S® strips)^a
Lab ACR ≥30 (n and %)	38 (46.9)	1 (1.2)	2 (2.5)	9 (11.1)	12 (14.8)	12 (14.8)
Lab ACR < 30 (n and %)	50 (8.1)	2 (0.3)	4 (0.6)	18 (2.9)	101 (16.3)	54 (8.7)
TOTAL (%)	88 (12.6)	3 (0.4)	6 (0.9)	27 (3.9)	113 (16.1)	66 (9.4)
p^d	< 0.001	0.238	0.094	< 0.001	0.730	0.078
Phase 1 (n = 1993)^c (Roche Combur 10® strips)^b
TOTAL (%)	649 (32.6)	36 (1.8)	46 (2.3)	64 (3.2)	603 (30.3)	49 (2.5)

All data n (%)
^aPerformed on urine after a freeze thaw cycle, semi-quantitative analysis performed with Sysmex UC-1000® device (see methods)
^bPerformed on fresh urine during phase one, semi-quantitative analysis performed with visual inspection (see methods)
^cMissing data for 27 (2 refused, 25 missing data)
^d χ ² test Lab ACR ≥30 vs Lab ACR < 30 (all phase 2)
^eHaemoglobin or erythrocytes detected by dipstick method

ISSN: 1471-2369