Table 1 Baseline characteristics, lab tests, medication, and follow-up parameters of the patients according to survival

63 (57.8)

57 (60.0)

6 (42.9)

0.225

48.4 ± 12.4

47.9 ± 12.4

51.7 ± 12.4

0.334

Donor type, n, (%)

Deceased

17 (15.6)

14 (14.7)

3 (21.4)

0.519

Living

92 (84.4)

81 (85.3)

11 (78.6)

21 (19.4)

16 (76.2)

5 (23.8)

0.065

4.5 (3.0–7.0)

5.0 (3.0–7.0)

4.0 (3.0–8.5)

0.634

9.0 (6.0–14.0)

8.0 (6.0–13.5)

14 (8.0–17.5)

0.038

14.0 (10.0–21.0)

13.0 (10.0–20.0)

21.0 (13.0–25.0)

0.092

5.0 (3.0–9.0)

5.0 (2.9–9.0)

5 (3.0–8.0)

0.899

17 (15.6)

15 (15.8)

2 (14.3)

0.885

Coexisting disorder, n/N (%)

Diabetes mellitus

25/107 (23.4)

21/93 (22.6)

4/14 (28.6)

0.621

Hypertension

81/106 (76.4)

70/92 (76.1)

11/14 (78.6)

0.838

Ischemic heart disease

18/103 (17.5)

13/90 (15.3)

5/13 (38.5)

0.033

Heart failure

4/105 (3.8)

2/91 (2.2)

2/14 (14.3)

0.033

COPD

5/105 (4.8)

4/92 (4.6)

1/13 (7.7)

0.491

Cancer

6/105 (5.7)

6/92 (6.9)

0/13 (0)

1.000

Chronic liver disease

1/105 (1.0)

1/92 (1.1)

0 (0)

1.000

Cause of kidney disease, n (%)

Diabetic nephropathy

13 (11.9)

10 (10.5)

3 (21.4)

0.764

Glomerular disease

13 (11.9)

9 (9.4)

4 (28.6)

Hypertensive nephrosclerosis

28 (25.7)

25 (26.3)

3 (21.4)

ADPCKD

5 (4.6)

5 (5.2)

0 (0)

Amyloidosis

4 (3.7)

4 (4.2)

0 (0)

Chronic pyelonephritis

6 (5.5)

6 (6.3)

0 (0)

Urological diseases

6 (5.5)

6 (6.3)

0 (0)

Unknown

31 (28.4)

27 (28.4)

4 (28.5)

Others

3 (2.7)

3 (3.1)

0 (0)

Smoking, n (%)

Former smoked

22 (20.2)

20/90 (22.2)

2/14 (14.3)

0.834

Never smoker

43 (39.4)

36/90 (40.0)

7/14 (50.0)

Current smoker

1 (0.9)

1/90 (1.1)

0/14 (0)

Unknown

43 (39.4)

38/90 (42.2)

5/14 (35.7)

Medications, n/N (%)

ACEi

21/103 (20.4)

17/85 (20.0)

4/14 (28.6)

0.414

ARBs

14/102(13.7)

14/87(16.1)

0/14(0)

0.108

Statins

11/101 (10.9)

9 (9.5)

2 (14.0)

0.308

Anticoagulant or antiplatelet agent

45/102 (44.1)

37 (41.1)

8 (66.7)

0.094

Oral antidiabetics

8/102 (7.8)

7 (8.0)

1 (7.4)

0.916

Tacrolimus

86/109 (78.9)

75 (78.9)

11 (78.6)

0.974

CsA

9/109 (8.3)

9 (9.5)

0 (0)

0.229

MPA derivatives

94/109 (86.2)

80 (84.2)

14 (100)

0.109

MTORi

12/109 (11.0)

10 (10.5)

2 (14.3)

0.651

Azathioprine

6/103 (5.5)

6 (6.3)

0 (0)

0.333

Prednisone

106/109 (97.2)

92 (96.8)

14 (100)

1.000

80 (73.4)

71 (74.7)

9 (64.3)

0.409

Induction therapy n, (%)

ATLG

67 (61.5)

61 (64.2)

6 (42.9)

0.270

Basiliximab

13 (11.9)

10 (10.5)

3 (21.4)

Modification of immunosuppression, n, (%)

No changed

3 (2.8)

3 (3.2)

0 (0.0)

0.163

CNI withdrawal

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

MPA/AZA withdrawal

92 (84.4)

82 (86.3)

10 (71.4)

CNI + MPA/AZA withdrawal

14 (12.8)

10 (10.5)

4 (28.6)

COVID-19 related clinic presentation at the time of diagnosis, n (%)

Mild disease

67 (61.4)

65 (59.6)

2 (14.3)

< 0.001

Moderate Disease

33 (30.3)

27 (28.4)

6 (42.9)

Severe-Critical Disease

9 (8.3)

3 (3.2)

6 (42.9)

Presentation symptoms n, (%)

Fever

70 (64.2)

60 (63.2)

10 (71.4)

0.547

Myalgia

32 (29.4)

29 (30.5)

3 (21.4)

0.485

Dyspnea

53 (48.6)

41 (43.2)

12 (85.7)

0.003

Diarrhea

12 (11.0)

11 (11.6)

1 (7.1)

0.621

Cough

72 (66.1)

64 (67.4)

8 (57.1)

0.451

Throat pain

6 (5.5)

5 (5.3)

1 (7.1)

0.773

Headache

14 (12.8)

14 (14.7)

0 (0.0)

0.124

Fatigue

47 (43.1)

38 (40.0)

9 (64.3)

0.504

COVID-19 drug treatments, n/N (%)

Macrolides

71/106 (67.0)

60 (64.5)

11 (84.6)

0.149

Oseltamivir

59/105 (56.2)

50 (54.3)

9 (69.2)

0.311

Hydroxychloroquine

108/109 (99.1)

94 (98.9)

14 (100.0)

0.700

Lopinavir-ritonavir

10/94 (10.6)

10 (12.2)

0 (.0)

0.201

Favipiravir

49/100 (49.0)

38 (43.2)

11 (91.7)

0.002

Glucocorticoids

59/101 (58.4)

47 (54.0)

12 (85.7)

0.026

Tocilizumab

10 /99 (10.1)

5 (5.7)

5 (41.7)

< 0.001

Anakinra

3/100 (3.0)

3(3.4)

0(.0)

0.497

Apheresis / immunoadsorption

3/100 (3.0)

2 (2.3)

1(7.7)

0.357

Laboratory findings at admission, median (IQR)

Creatinine (μmol/l)

132.6 (97.2–194.5)

132.6 (97.2–181.2)

198.0 (97.2–293.7)

0.018

Albumin (g/dl)

3.8 (3.4–4.1)

3.8 (3.4–4.0)

3.5 (3.0–3.83)

0.170

Ferritin (μg/l)

369.5 (152–906)

338.0 (132–891)

679 (265–1718)

0.112

Hemoglobin (g/dl) mean ± SD

11.6 ± 2.3

11.5 ± 2.4

12.0 ± 1.9

0.195

Lymphocyte count (/μl)

850 (541–1257)

850 (540–1330)

790(557–1015)

0.412

Lymphopenia (< 800 /μL) n, (%)

53 (48.6)

46 (48.4)

7 (50.0)

0.912

Platelet count (×10³/μl)

199 (171–245)

199 (170–248)

189 (158–239)

0.474

Follow-up parameters

ICU admission, n (%)

22 (20.2)

9 (40.9)

13 (59.1)

< 0.001

Bacterial superinfection, n, (%)

9 (8.3)

7 (7.4)

2 (14.3)

0.416

Mechanical ventilation in ICU, n (%)

19 (17.4)

6 (31.6)

13 (68.4)

0.025

Acute kidney injury, n (%)

46 (42.2)

36 (37.9)

10 (71.4)

0.018

RRT, n (%)

4 (3.7)

1 (1.1)

3 (21.4)

< 0.001

Leukopenia (< 4.0 × 10³/μl)

36 (33.0)

33(34.7)

3(21.4)

0.323

Lymphopenia (< 800 /μl)

77/108 (71.3)

66 (69.5)

11(84.6)

0.258

Thrombocytopenia (< 150 × 10³/μL)

16 (14.7)

13 (13.7)

3(21.4)

0.445

LDH (>  2 × upper limit of normal)

29/104 (27.9)

21 (23.1)

8 (61.5)

0.004

AST (>  2 × upper limit of normal)

15/98 (15.3)

10 (11.8)

5 (38.5)

0.013

CRP (> 10 × upper limit of normal)

47 (43.1)

37 (38.9)

10 (71.4)

0.022