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Table 1 Literature review with regard to therapeutic strategy and outcome of glomerulonephritis in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome

From: Glomerulonephritis with severe nephrotic syndrome induced by immune complexes composed of galactose-deficient IgA1 in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a case report

Reference No.

Characteristics at the diagnosis of GN

Treatment

Duration until outcome

Outcome

Comments

age

SS duration (years)

Serum Cr (mg/dL)

Urinary analysis

Histological findings

Cryoglobulin

Lymphoma

[10]

64

11

1.4

proteinuria, hematuria

MPGN

N/A

-

mPSL pulse + IVCY

> 6 months

remission

 

50

12

0.9

proteinuria, hematuria

MSGN

N/A

-

mPSL pulse + IVCY

> 6 months

remission

 

60

8

4.9

proteinuria, hematuria

MPGN

N/A

-

mPSL pulse + IVCY

> 6 months

ESRD

 

50

18

0.8

proteinuria, hematuria

MPGN

N/A

-

mPSL pulse + IVCY

> 6 months

remission

 

66

28

1

proteinuria

MSGN

N/A

-

mPSL pulse + AZA or CsA

N/A

remission

 

44

5

1.1

proteinuria, hematuria, RBC cast

MSGN

N/A

-

moderate to high dose PSL

N/A

amelioration

very good clinical and laboratory response

68

15

1.5

proteinuria

MSGN

N/A

-

moderate to high dose PSL

N/A

amelioration

very good clinical and laboratory response

53

17

6.2

proteinuria, hematuria, RBC cast

GN, IN

N/A

-

mPSL pulse + IVCY

> 6 months

ESRD

 

74

27

1.6

proteinuria

MPGN, IN

N/A

-

no treatment

13 years

death

developed lymphoma

53

10

1.1

proteinuria, hematuria

MSGN

N/A

-

RTX

N/A

remission

 

75

15

0.9

proteinuria, hematuria

MPGN

N/A

-

mPSL pulse + IVCY

> 6 months

remission

 

38

11

0.7

proteinuria, hematuria

MPGN

N/A

-

mPSL pulse + IVCY

< 2 months

remission

 

42

7

1

proteinuria, hematuria

MPGN

N/A

-

moderate to high dose PSL

<1 years

amelioration

very good clinical and laboratory response

39

10

1.5

proteinuria

MPGN

N/A

-

mPSL pulse + IVCY

< 2 months

remission

 

25

4

0.8

proteinuria

MPGN

N/A

-

moderate to high dose PSL

N/A

amelioration

very good clinical and laboratory response

42

12

1

proteinuria, hematuria

MPGN

N/A

+

R-CHOP

<1 years

stable

 

75

31

0.8

hematuria

MSGN, IN

N/A

-

no treatment

23 years

N/A

 

55

14

1.2

proteinuria, hematuria

MSGN, IN

N/A

+

chemotherapy without RTX

N/A

amelioration

 

43

15

1.5

normal finding

proliferative GN, IN

N/A

-

mPSL pulse + IVCY

<1 years

remission

 

59

8

0.9

hematuria

MN

N/A

-

moderate to high dose PSL

N/A

amelioration

 

65

8

0.9

proteinuria

MN

N/A

-

mPSL pulse + AZA or CsA

N/A

remission

 

[11]

N/A

7

2

proteinuria, hematuria

MPGN, IN

+

-

moderate dose PSL + HCQ

24 months

detelioration

 

moderate dose PSL + RTX

5 months

amelioration

N/A

0

1.6

proteinuria, hematuria

Fibrially GN

-

-

high dose PSL

2.5 months

detelioration

 

moderate dose PSL + RTX

5 months

detelioration

N/A

20

0.8

normal finding

MPGN

+

-

moderate dose PSL + MMF

10 months

stable

complication of vasculatic ulcers

high dose PSL + oral CY

3 months

stable

moderate dose PSL + MMF

3 months

remission

N/A

11

0.9

proteinuria, hematuria

MPGN

+

-

low dose PSL + HCQ + colchicine

4 years

stable

 

high dose PSL + MMF

12.5 months

detelioration

moderate dose PSL + RTX

6 months

remission

[12]

58

N/A

3.5

proteinuria

MPGN, IN

+

-

PSL

<1 months

amelioration

 

47

N/A

1.4

proteinuria, hematuria

MPGN, IN

+

-

PSL + HCQ, RTX added 12 years after

12 years

amelioration

developed lymphoma 12 years after diagnosis of GN

  1. N/A no available, GN glomerulonephritis, MP membranoproliferative, MS mesangial, IN interstitial nephritis, SS Sjögren’s syndrome, Cr creatinine, ESRD end stage renal disease, mPSL methyl-prednisolone, IVCY intravenous cyclophosphamide, MMF mycophenolate mofetil, RTX rituximab, AZA azathioprine, CS cyclosporine, HCQ hydroxychloroquine, RCHOP rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, vincristine and prednisolone