Table 1 – Patient demographics and clinical characteristics

Preoperative data

 Age

67

(59–73)

67

(59–73)

68

(59–74)

0.08

 Male sex

738

(79.9)

470

(78.7)

268

(82.0)

0.27

 Body Mass Index (kg m^2 − 1)

26.8

(24.2–29.9)

26.9

(24.0-29.4)

27.5

(24.8–31.2)

< 0.001

Diabetes mellitus

0.02

 No

740

(80.1)

494

(82.7)

246

(75.2)

-

 NIDDM

131

(14.2)

73

(12.2)

58

(17.7)

-

 IDDM

53

(5.7)

30

(5.0)

23

(7.0)

-

 Arterial hypertension

588

(63.6)

357

(59.8)

231

(70.6)

0.001

 EuroSCORE II^a

1.66

(1.01–3.05)

1.46

(0.92–2.54)

2.48

(1.36–4.38)

< 0.001

Smoking status

0.45

 Never

272

(29.4)

172

(28.8)

100

(30.6)

-

 Previous

494

(53.5)

316

(52.9)

178

(54.4)

-

 Active

158

(17.1)

109

(18.3)

49

(15.0)

-

 Previous PCI

141

(15.3)

94

(15.7)

47

(14.4)

0.63

NYHA class

0.01

 I

273

(29.5)

194

(32.5)

79

(24.2)

-

 II

382

(41.3)

245

(41.0)

137

(41.9)

-

 III

232

(2.1)

140

(23.5)

92

(28.1)

-

 IV

37

(4.0)

18

(3.0)

19

(5.8)

-

 CCS 4^b

40

(4.6)

28

(4.9)

12

(3.9)

0.51

 LVEF

55

(45–60)

60

(45–60)

55

(45–60)

0.01

 Prev. cardiac surgery

59

(6.4)

25

(4.2)

34

(10.4)

< 0.001

 Chronic lung disease

81

(8.8)

49

(8.2)

32

(9.8)

0.47

 Extracardiac arteriopathy

101

(10.9)

58

(9.7)

43

(13.1)

0.12

Pulmonary hypertension

0.002

 No

805

(87.1)

537

(89.9)

268

(82.0)

-

 Moderate (31–55 mmHg)

105

(11.4)

53

(8.9)

52

(15.9)

-

 Severe (> 55 mmHg)

14

(1.5)

7

(1.2)

7

(2.1)

-

 Urgency

264

(28.6)

183

(30.7)

81

(24.8)

0.07

 MI within 90 days

184

(19.9)

113

(18.9)

71

(21.7)

0.34

 Baseline serum creatinine (µmol l^− 1)

85

(74–99)

83

(73–95)

88

(78–106)

< 0.001

 Creatinine clearance

84

(66–106)

86

(68–107)

79

(62–104)

0.005

 Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml min^− 1 1.73 m^2 − 1)

78

(65–90)

81

(68–91)

73

(59–88)

< 0.001

 hsCRP (mg l^− 1)^c

1.9

(1.0-4.5)

1.9

(1.0-4.3)

2.0

(1.0-4.9)

0.16

 suPAR (ng ml^− 1)

2.6

(2.0-3.4)

2.4

(1.9–3.1)

2.9

(2.2–4.1)

< 0.001

Intraoperative data

 Procedure

< 0.001

  CABG

458

(49.6)

343

(57.5)

115

(35.2)

-

  AVR

140

(15.2)

101

(16.9)

39

(11.9)

-

  Other single procedure

58

(6.3)

39

(6.5)

19

(5.8)

-

  2 procedures

195

(21.1)

90

(15.1)

105

(32.1)

-

  ≥ 3 procedures

73

(7.9)

24

(4.0)

49

(15.0)

-

  Surgery on thoracic aorta

59

(6.4)

29

(4.9)

30

(9.2)

0.01

  CPB duration^d

93

(72–125)

85

(67–106)

120

(87–156)

< 0.001

  Aorta-clamp-time^e

60

(43–87)

55

(39–75)

83

(52–114)

< 0.001