Table 1 Characteristics of studies included

Giardini et al., 1984 [28]

19

300 mg/day 330 IU

IM

α-tocopherol acetate

15 days

19.53 ± 7.83 μg/ml

0.46 ± 0.36 μg/ml

Erythrocyte MDA

Italy

Taccone-Gallucci et al., 1985 [29]

9

300 mg/day 330 IU

IM

α-tocopherol acetate

15 days

6.17 ± 1.3 μg/ml packed RBC

0.63 ± 0.2 μg/ml packed RBC

RBC MDA

Italy

Lubrano et al., 1986 [30]

9

300 mg/day 330 IU

IM

α-tocopherol acetate

15 days

6.16 ± 1.29 μg/ml

0.69 ± 0.13 μg/ml

Erythrocyte MDA

Italy

Taccone-Gallucci et al., 1986 [31]

10

300 mg/day 330 IU

IM

α-tocopherol acetate

15 days

16.92 ± 3.36

7.92 ± 5.80 T2 g/mg

PBMC MDA

Italy

Taccone-Gallucci et al., 1989 [32]

10

300 mg/day 330 IU

IM

α-tocopherol acetate

15 days

2.35 ± 1.46

0.5 ± 0.2 T2 μg/mg

Platelet MDA

Italy

Hassan et al., 1995 [33]

6

400 IU daily (268/449 mg)

Oral

unknown

40 days

Vitamin A 4500 IU daily + Vitamin C 750 mg daily

1.67 ± 0.37

0.51 ± 0.1

RBC MDA

Iraq

Yukawa et al., 1995 [34]

5

600 mg/day 900 IU

Oral

α-tocopherol

2 weeks

4.0 ± 0.6 nmol/ml

3.3 ± 0.6 nmol/ml

MDA-LDL

Japan

Cristol et al., 1997 [35]

7

500 mg/day 750 IU

Oral

α-tocopherol

6 months

EPO + Iron

1.7 ± 0.1 nmol/ml

1.2 ± 0.1 nmol/ml

Serum MDA

France

Inal et al., 1999 [36]

36

300 mg/day 330/450 IU

Oral

unknown

3 months

EPO

4.05 ± 0.05 nmol/ml

3.81 ± 0.09 nmol/ml

Plasma MDA

Turkey

Roob et al., 2000 [37]

22

1080 mg 1200 IU

Oral

all-rac-α-tocopherylacetate

One dose

EPO + Iron

1.20 + − 0.28 μmol/L

1.09 ± 0.26 μmol/L

Plasma MDA

Austria

Bayes et al., 2001 [38]

16

400 mg 3/week 440/600 IU

Oral

unknown

3 months

EPO + Iron

5.76 ± 1.83 μmol/L

3.89 ± 1.14 μmol/L

Plasma MDA

Spain

Uzum et al., 2006 [39]

19

300 mg/day 330/450 IU

Oral

unknown

20 weeks

2.77 ± 0.87 nmol/mL

2.2 ± 0.767 nmol/mL

Plasma MDA

Turkey

Youzbaki et al., 2010 [40]

18

400 mg/day 600 IU

Oral

α-tocopherol

3 weeks

0.059 ± 0.027 μmol/L

0.031 ± 0.021 μmol/L

Serum MDA

Iraq

Ahmadi^a et al., 2013 [41]

17

400 IU (268/449 mg)

Unknown

unknown

2 months

4.4 ± 1.6 μmol/L

4.7 ± 1.2 μmol/L

Plasma MDA

Iran

Ahmadi^b et al., 2013 [41]

24

400 IU (268/449 mg)

Unknown

unknown

2 months

600 mg ALA

4.9 ± 1.6 μmol/L

4.5 ± 1.3 μmol/L

Plasma MDA

Iran

Daud et al., 2013 [42]

41

220 mg/day (180 mg TT + 40 mg AT)

Oral

TT (⍺-TT, β-TT, 훾-TT, 훿-TT) + α-tocopherol

16 weeks

3.01 ± 4.65 μM

2.89 ± 3.65 μM

Plasma MDA

USA

Asemi^a et al., 2016 [43]

30

268 mg/day 400 IU

Oral

α-tocopherol

3 months

3.2 ± 1.0 μmol/L

3.7 ± 1.5 μmol/L

Plasma MDA

Iran

Asemi^b et al., 2016 [43]

30

268 mg/day 400 IU

Oral

α-tocopherol

3 months

Omega 3 s

3.5 ± 1.2 μmol/L

3.4 ± 1.4 μmol/L

Plasma MDA

Iran