Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Study; Country | Type of RRT; Sample size; Age (yrs); % female | Follow-up length3 (yrs) | PA assessment method; instrument | PA measured domains | PA (exposure) measurement scale | Outcome(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tentori et al. 2010; Several countries1 [20] | HD; n = 20,920; 60.7 ± 14.8; 41.8 | 1.75 | Self-reported: Single question | Leisure time | Categorical: never or < 1 time/wk; 1 time/wk; 2–3 times/wk; 4–5 times/wk; 6–7 times/wk (daily) Dichotomous: ‘regular exercise’ (≥1 time/wk) versus ‘non-regular exercise’ (never or < 1 time/wk) | All-cause mortality, All-cause hospitalization, cause-specific hospitalization |
Lopes et al. 2014; Several countries1 [21] | HD; n = 5763; 63.4 ± 14.5; 38.3 | 1.6 | Self-reported: RAPA | Total | Categorical: Never/rarely active (rarely or never do any PA); infrequently active (some light or moderate PA, not every wk); sometimes active (light PA, every wk); often active (moderate PA: < 30 min, 5 days/wk or vigorous PA: < 20 min, 3 days/wk); very active (moderate PA: > 30 min, 5days/wk or vigorous PA: > 20 min, 3days/wk) | All-cause mortality |
Kutner et al. 2016; USA [22] | HD, n = 755; 57.3 ± 14.02; 40.4 | 2.0 | Self-reported: MLTAQ | Leisure time, household | Dichotomous: Inactive (< 500 Kcal/wk) or Active (≥ 500 Kcal/wk) | All-cause mortality |
Zhang et al. 2017; China [23] | HD; n = 317; 60.2 ± 13.7; 45.4 | 1.5 (mean) | Self-reported: Stanford 7-PARQ | Leisure time, occupational | Continuous: each point increase in light PA time (hours/wk) and total PA score (kcal/kg/day) | All-cause mortality |
Matsuzawa et al. 2018; Japan [24] | HD; n = 282; 64.8 ± 10.6; 45.0 | 4.7 | Device: Accelerometer | Total | Dichotomous: <4000 steps/non-HD day or ≥ 4000 steps/non-HD day Continuous: each 1000 steps/non-HD | All-cause mortality |
Johansen et al. 2019; USA; HD [25] | HD; n = 727; 57.2 ± 14.3; 40.8 | 3.8 | Self-reported: Modified MLTAQ | Leisure time, household | Dichotomous: Inactive (< 383 kcal/wk; women, < 270 kcal/wk) or Active (≥ 383 kcal/wk; women, ≥ 270 kcal/wk) | All-cause mortality |
Stack et al. 2005; USA [26] | HD/PD; n = 2386; 57 ± 16; 47.0 | 3.6 (mean) | Self-reported: Single question | Leisure time | Categorical: ≤1 times/wk, 2–3 times/wk, 4–5 times/wk, Daily/almost daily | All-cause mortality, CV mortality |
Brar et al. 2019; Canada [27] | HD/PD; n = 109; 57.52; 33.0 | 3.3 | Self-reported PASE | Leisure time, occupational, household | Dichotomous: Inactive (men: <383 kcal/wk; women: <270 kcal/wk) or Active (men: ≥383 kcal/wk; women: ≥270 kcal/wk) | All-cause mortality |
Zelle et al. 2011; The Netherlands [28] | KT; n = 540; 51 ± 12; 46 % | 5.3 | Self-reported: MLTAQ and TOAQ | Total | Continuous: log-MET-min/day | All-cause mortality, CV mortality |
Rosas et al. 2012; USA [29] | KT; n = 507; 47.8 ± 12.8; 39 % | 8.4 | Self-reported: PASE | Leisure time, occupational, household | Categorical: inactive, moderate, active4 Continuous: PASE score | All-cause mortality |
Byambasukh et al. 2020; The Netherlands [19] | KT; n = 650; 51.8 ± 13.2; 43.7 % | 5.7 | Self-reported: SQUASH | Leisure time, household, transportation5 | Categorical: inactive (no MVPA); less active (median 120 min/wk of MVPA); active (median 360 min/wk) | All-cause mortality, CV mortality |