Table 3 Demographic features and clinical courses of nephrotic syndrome patients with intracranial hemorrhage
From: Characteristics of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage in patients with nephrotic syndrome
Types of hemorrhage | Any intracranial hemorrhage (n = 57) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 45) | Subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 4) | Subdural hemorrhage (n = 7) | Arteriovenous malformation (n = 1) | ||
Age (years) | 57 (52–63) | 59 (38–76) | 70 (57–81) | 29 | 0.064 |
Male (%) | 27 (60) | 2 (50) | 5 (71.4) | 1 (100) | 0.757 |
Risk factors | |||||
 Hypertension (%) | 39 (86.7) | 3 (75) | 5 (71.4) | 0 (0) | 0.112 |
 Diabetes mellitus (%) | 25 (55.6) | 1 (25) | 4 (57.1) | 0 (0) | 0.467 |
 Hyperlipidemia (%) | 14 (31.1) | 2 (50) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 0.563 |
 Coronary artery disease (%) | 7 (15.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 0.825 |
 Congestive heart failure (%) | 8 (17.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 0.781 |
 Atrial fibrillation (%) | 4 (8.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.766 |
 Hyperuricemia (%) | 3 (6.7) | 1 (25) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.458 |
 Smoking (%) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.965 |
Mean length of stay in the acute medicine ward (day) | 15 (11–28) | 22 (18–48) | 9 (8–14) | 16 | 0.154 |
Modified Rankin Scale score ≧ 3 upon discharge (%) | 44 (97.8) | 3 (75) | 4 (57.1) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* |
Death within 30 days (%) | 10 (22.2) | 3 (75) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.036* |
Score of hemorrhage severity (%) | Intracerebral hemorrhage score: All: 2 (1–3) Death: 3 (3–4) Non-death:1 (1–3) | Hunt and Hess scale score: All: 4 (2–4) Death: 4 (4–4) Non-death: 2 (2–2) | |||