Positive renal familial history in IgA nephropathy is associated with worse renal outcomes: a single-center longitudinal study

Table 2 Univariable Cox proportional hazards analysis for IgAN patients

Variables	Odds ratio	95% confidence Interval		P value
*Clinical background at Renal Biopsy*
History of Hypertension (presence or absence)	3.07	1.75	5.39	< 0.001
Mean arterial pressure (1 mmHg increase)	1.02	1.00	1.04	0.02
Age at renal biopsy (1 increase)	1.03	1.01	1.05	0.03
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	0.97	0.95	0.98	< 0.001
Sex, Male	1.08	0.63	1.88	0.78
Urinary sediment RBC (per HPF) by 1 increase	1.01	0.98	1.03	0.62
Urinary protein excretion per day (g/day) by 1-unit increase	1.18	1.08	1.30	< 0.001
Familial History of renal disease (positive or negative)	2.40	1.19	4.83	0.02
Diabetes mellitus (presence or absence)	1.32	0.47	3.72	0.59
*Renal Histology*
MEST-C score
M score 1 to 0	1.84	1.05	3.20	0.03
E score 1 to 0	1.47	0.86	3.15	0.33
S score 1 to 0	1.88	0.96	3.70	0.06
T score by 1 increase	1.86	1.19	2.90	0.01
C Score 1 to 0	1.59	0.81	3.10	0.18
Immune depostions
IgA deposition in mesangium	1.10	0.70	1.72	0.70
C3 deposition in mesangium	1.43	0.92	2.21	0.11
C4 deposition in mesanigum	0.61	0.32	1.18	0.14
IgG deposition along capillary loop	1.49	0.96	2.34	0.08
GBM Thickness	0.10	0.99	1.00	0.57
*Therapeutic Intervention*
Tonsillectomy with steroid-pulse therapy	0.51	0.26	1.00	0.05
Administration of Immuno-suppresants	< 0.001	0.00	infinity	1.00
Long-term prednisolone use	2.12	1.14	3.95	0.02
Use of RAS blockades	4.55	1.09	19.1	0.04

The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals are estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis in IgA nephropathy patients (n = 389) who were followed up for more than two years and had a baselines eGFR > 30 mL/min/1.73 m². The MEST-C scores are determined according to the Oxford Classification [10]. Endocapillary hypercellularity: absent (E0) or present (E1); Segmental glomerulosclerosis absent (S0) or present (S1); Tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis #25% (T0), 26–50% (T1), or > 50% (T2); Cellular/fibro-cellular crescents absent (C0), present in at least one glomerulus (C1), in > 25% of glomeruli (C2). Mesangial depositions of IgA, C3, C4, as well as capillary IgG depositions are examined using immunofluorescence staining and are graded into four subclasses: 0 (absent), 1 (weak), 2 (Intermediate), and 3 (strong). Thickness of glomerular basement membrane is measured for several different segments along the capillaries on electron microscopy images and average thickness less than 200 nm is judged as thin glomerular basement membrane (TGBM). eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FH, familial history; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RAS, renin angiotensin system. Results that have P < 0.05 are indicated in bold

ISSN: 1471-2369