Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the study population stratified by site and sex
Characteristics | Overall n = 1317 | Rural n = 730 | Urban n = 587 | P-value | Male n = 515 | Female n = 802 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122 ± 20.7 | 121.5 ± 20.5 | 123.3 ± 21.0 | 0.28 | 124.3 ± 18.4 | 120.6 ± 22 | 0.002 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.8 ± 11.8 | 77.5 ± 11.6 | 80.4 ± 12.0 | < 0.001 | 78.9 ± 11.4 | 78.7 ± 12.2 | 0.78 |
Weight (kg) | 59.7 ± 12.4 | 56.1 ± 9.8 | 64.0 ± 13.9 | < 0.001 | 59.9 ± 10.1 | 59.5 ± 13.7 | 0.57 |
Height (cm) | 160.2 ± 8.5 | 159.6 ± 8.4 | 160.9 ± 8.6 | 0.03 | 165.5 ± 8 | 157.0 ± 7.2 | < 0.001 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 4.3 | 22.1 ± 3.4 | 24.8 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 | 22 ± 3 | 24.1 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 |
BMI ≥ 30 n, (%) | 115 (8. 9) | 21 (3) | 94 (16.3) | < 0.001 | 12 (2.4) | 103 (13) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 82.4 ± 11.9 | 80.1 ± 9.9 | 85.2 ± 13.5 | < 0.0001 | 79.7 ± 9.4 | 84.1 ± 12.9 | < 0.001 |
Enlarged WCa n, (%) | 524 (39.9) | 243 (33.3) | 281 (47.8) | < 0.001 | 48 (2.3) | 476(59.4) | < 0.001 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 91.1 ± 11.1 | 89.1 ± 9.1 | 93.5 ± 12.7 | < 0.0001 | 87.4 ± 8.7 | 93.4 ± 11.8 | < 0.001 |
Abnormal WHRb n, (%) | 898 (68.2) | 462 (63.3) | 340 (57.9) | < 0.001 | 281 (54.6) | 617 (76.9) | < 0.001 |
MUAC (cm) | 26.8 ± 3.4 | 25.8 ± 2.8 | 27.9 ± 3.7 | < 0.0001 | 26.4 ± 2.8 | 27.0 ± 3.7 | 0.001 |
Body Fat (%) | 27 ± 12.2 | 24.1 ± 11.03 | 30.7 ± 12.7 | < 0.0001 | 16.8 ± 8.0 | 33.3 ± 10 | < 0.001 |
Visceral fat (%) | 5.6 ± 3.2 | 5.0 ± 2.7 | 6.3 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 | 5.3 ± 3.5 | 5.7 ± 3 | 0.03 |
Skeletal muscle mass (%) | 31.7 ± 5.6 | 33 ± 5.1 | 30.2 ± 5.8 | < 0.001 | 36.8 ± 3.6 | 28.6 ± 4.2 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 266 (20.2) | 134 (18.4) | 132 (22.5) | 0.06 | 102 (19.8) | 164 (20.4) | 0.77 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 57 (4.3) | 21 (2.9) | 36 (6.1) | 0.004 | 24 (4.7) | 33 (4.1) | 0.67 |
HIV infection, n (%) | 5 (0.4) | 1(0.1) | 4(0.8) | 0.96 | 3(0.6) | 2 (0.3) | 0.34 |