Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients
Variables | Placebo (N=20) | Carnosine (N=20) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Male, n (%) | 4 (20.0) | 11 (55.0) | 0.022 |
Age (years) | 57.0±6.9 | 55.6±4.8 | 0.463 |
Duration (years) | 13.0±8.8 | 10.5±6.5 | 0.323 |
Body weight (kg) | 73.2±15.3 | 81.6±18.5 | 0.127 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.4±5.2 | 30.3± 5.6 | 0.284 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134.2±16.4 | 134.1±11.8 | 0.965 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.2±7.0 | 78.6±11.5 | 0.895 |
Comorbid diseases (N, %) | |||
Hypertension | 14 (70.0) | 17 (85.0) | 0.451 |
Dyslipidemia | 17 (85.0) | 16 (80.0) | 1.000 |
Coronary heart disease | 1 (5.0) | - | 1.000 |
Chronic lung disease | - | 1 (5.0) | 1.000 |
Anti-hypertensive drugs (N, %) | |||
ACEI | 1 (5.0) | 3 (15.0) | 0.605 |
ARB | 11 (55.0) | 12 (60.0) | 0.749 |
CCB | 9 (45.0) | 13 (65.0) | 0.204 |
Thiazide | 3 (15.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0.605 |
Hydralazine | 1 (5.0) | - | 1.000 |
Doxazocin | 2 (10.0) | 3 (15.0) | 1.000 |
Anti-glycemic drugs (N, %) | |||
Metformin | 15 (75.0) | 20 (100.0) | 0.047 |
Sulfonylurea | 7 (35.0) | 5 (25.0) | 0.490 |
Thiazolidinedione | 5 (25.0) | 9 (45.0) | 0.185 |
DPP4-inhibitor | 7 (35.0) | 5 (25.0) | 0.490 |
SGLT-2 inhibitor | 7 (35.0) | 2 (10.0) | 0.127 |
GLP-1 agonist | 1 (5.0) | 2 (10.0) | 1.000 |
Laboratory parameters | |||
FPG (mg/dL) | 131.0±30.3 | 168.6±52.7 | 0.009 |
HemoglobinA1C (%) | 7.8±1.8 | 7.8±1.5 | 0.971 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 159.4±88.8 | 157.5±112.9 | 0.953 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 156.6±37.6 | 157.8±29.9 | 0.913 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 92.3±35.8 | 114.9±81.1 | 0.080 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50.9±2.6 | 49.4±2.3 | 0.262 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 17.1±7.2 | 15.6±5.7 | 0.456 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9±0.3 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.677 |
GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 78.6±22.1 | 81.6±19.7 | 0.655 |
Urine TGF-β (pg/mgCr) | 82.9±57.1 | 89.1±75.9 | 0.775 |
UACR (mg/gCr) | 114.7±64.8 | 114.8±56.4 | 0.997 |