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Table 1 Demographics, laboratory data, and outcome in patients with COVID-19, grouped by eGFR > 60 or ≤ 60 ml/min × 1.73 m2 with or without contrast-enhanced CT

From: Negative effects of iodine-based contrast agent on renal function in patients with moderate reduced renal function hospitalized for COVID-19

(a) Patients without RRT at CT

1. eGFR≥30–60 contrast-enhaned CT

(n = 17)

2. eGFR> 60

contrast-enhaned CT

(n = 110)

3. eGFR≤60 unenhanced CT

(n = 11)

4. eGFR> 60 unenhanced CT

(n = 8)

p-value*

Demographics

 Men/women nr subjects)

14/3

77/33

7/4

6/2

0.65

 Age (years)

65 (61–76)

58 (49–64)

59 (51–68)

64 (50–70)

0.029

 Weight (kg)

75 (72–87)

80 (72–93)

74 (61–87)

79 (64–90)

0.53

 BMI (kg/m2)

25 (23–30)

28 (24–31)

25 (21–29)

25 (21–27)

0.19

Thromboembolic treatment

 24 h before CT exam (%)(n = no/yes), n = 144

76 (n = 4/n = 13)

76 (n = 26/ n = 84)

89 (n = 1/n = 8)

88 (n = 1/n = 7)

0.75

Co-morbidities

 Renal disease

n = 144

25 (4/12)

0 (0/109)

55 (6/5)

13 (1/7)

< 0.001

 Hypertension

n = 141

60 (9/6)

36 (38/68)

64 (7/4)

13 (1/7)

0.037

 Heart failure

n = 144

13 (2/14)

5 (5/104)

18 (2/9)

13 (1/7)

0.24

 Type 2 diabetes

n = 143

24 (4/12)

20 (22/86)

18 (2/9)

25 (2/6)

0.96

Laboratory data

 P-creatinine at CT, n = 146

130 (121–153)

61 (48–76)

163 (132–201)

65 (45–80)

1 vs 3 < 0.001/ 2 vs 3 p < 0.001/2 vs 4 0.85/3 vs 4 p < 0.001

 P-creatinine 24 h after CT exam, n = 127

130 (118–186)

61 (49–74)

136 (105–151)

63 (43–89)

1 vs 3 0.97/ 2 vs 4 0.97

 P-creatinine 48 h after CT exam, n = 128

130 (111–192)

62 (50–73)

123 (112–159)

69 (54–74)

1 vs 3 0.46/ 2 vs 4 ns 0.95

 P-creatinine 4–10 days after CT exam, n = 110

129 (77–197) (n = 14)

62 (48–75) (n = 78)

85 (70–124) (n = 9)

64 (53–79) (n = 9)

1 vs 3 0.09/ 2 vs 4 0.59

 P-creatinine rise > 26.5 μmol/L or > 50% 48 h after CT exam n = 128

24 (n = 3/n = 14)

5 (n = 5/n = 92)

20 (n = 2/n = 8)

0 (n = 5)

0.037 †

 P-creatinine rise > 50% at days 4–10 after CT exam and/or RRT initiated, n = 110

36 (n = 5/n = 9)

5 (n = 4/n = 75)

0 (n = 9)

0 (n = 8)

< 0.001 †

 CRP at CT scan (mg/L), n = 126

186 (71–292)

71 (26–163)

186 (74–257)

96 (42–197)

0.005, 1 vs 2 p < 0.01, 1 vs 4 p < 0.05

 Total contrast dose (ml), n = 111

60 (50–100) (n = 15)

60 (60–70) (n = 96)

n.a.

n.a.

0.96

 Contrast dose (ml/kg), n = 98

0.80 (0.69–1.22)

0.76 (0.65–0.94)

n.a.

n.a.

0.58

Outcome data

 ICU support at CT exam n = 144

56 (n = 9/n = 7)

23 (n = 25/n = 84)

18 (n = 2/n = 9)

0 (n = 0/n = 8)

< 0.01 †

 30-day mortality n = 146

53 (n = 9/n = 8)

11 (n = 12/n = 98)

18 (n = 2/n = 9)

13 (n = 1/n = 7)

< 0.001 †

(b) Patients without RRT at CT and eGFR≥30–60 CE

1. P-creatinine rise > 50% at 4–10 days after CT exam and/or RRT initiated (n = 5)

2. P-creatinine rise < 50% at 4–10 days after CT exam (n = 9)

p-value*

Demographics

 Age

68 (65–76)

64 (54–70)

0.55

 Weight

72 (64–75)

76 (79–86)

0.21

Laboratory data

 Pre-Covid P-creatinine

97 (82–106)

97 (77–114)

0.95

 P-creatinine at CT

129 (124–130)

143 (118–155)

0.49

 P-creatinine at 24 h

143 (126–196)

123 (116–139)

0.31

 P-creatinine at 48 h

163 (138–196)

108 (103–126)

0.13

 P-creatinine at 4–10 days

207 (197–237)

88 (68–118)

< 0.001

 CRP in mg/L

295 (274–331)

136 (59–221)

0.06

Outcome data

 30-day mortality

80 (4/1)

33 (3/6)

0.09 †

(c) Patients with existing RRT at contrast-enhanced CT vs. the entire unenhanced CT group

1. Contrast-enhaned CT and RRT

(n = 15)

3. Unenhanced CT

(n = 24, including 19 without and 5 with RRT)

p-value*

Demographics

 Men/women (nr of subjects)

13/2

18/6

0.37

 Age (years)

59 (55–64)

62 (48–67)

0.65

 Weight (kg)

85 (70–100)

76 (68–90)

0.16

 BMI (kg/m2)

28 (24–32)

25 (23–27)

0.08

 Thromboembolic treatment

24 h before CT exam (%)(n = no/yes), n = 37

87 (n = 2/n = 13)

86 (n = 3/n = 19)

0.98

Co-morbidities

 Renal disease

7 (1/14)

30 (7/17)

0.08

 Hypertension

36 (5/9)

43 (10/13)

0.64

 Heart failure

0 (0/15)

13 (3/20)

0.14

 Type 2 diabetes

13 (2/13)

26 (6/17)

0.35

Laboratory data

 P-creatinine, n = 39

161 (130–232)

129 (80–187)

0.68

 P-creatinine 24 h after CT exam, n = 34

151 (132–219)

108 (86–151)

0.47

 P-creatinine 48 h after CT exam, n = 33

127 (105–175)

117(74–159)

0.69

 P-creatinine 4–10 days after CT exam, n = 33

188 (67–358) (n = 14)

82 (62–131) (n = 21)

0.12

 P-creatinine rise 26.5 μmol/L or > 50% 48 h after CT exam, n = 33

29 (n = 4/n = 10)

11 (n = 2/17)

0.18 †

 P-creatinine rise > 50% at days 4–10 after CT (%), n = 33

36 (n = 5/n = 9)

5 (n = 1/20)

0.017 †

 CRP at CT scan (mg/L)

101 (54–190)

127 (74–204)

0.70

 Total contrast dose (ml), n = 14

110 (60–129)

n.a.

 

 Contrast dose (ml/kg), n = 11

1.10 (0.69–1.43)

n.a.

 

Outcome data

 ICU support at CT exam, n = 39

100 (n = 15/n = 0)

25 (n = 6/n = 18)

< 0.001 †

 30-day mortality, n = 39

40 (n = 6/n = 9)

21 (n = 5/n = 19)

0.20 †

  1. Values are presented as the median (interquartile range). Comorbidities, and outcome data are expressed as %, (affected subjects / total subjects in each group). Statistics are based on: *analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Fisher’s test, or t-test, or †Pearson χ 2 test.
  2. BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, CT computed tomography, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2), ICU intensive care unit, n number of subjects, n.a. not applicable, non-CE CT without CE, P-creatinine plasma creatinine in μmol/L, RRT renal replacement therapy
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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