Table 1 Baseline characteristics table
From: Community- versus hospital-acquired acute kidney injury in hospitalised COVID-19 patients
Covariates | All patients (n=448) | No AKI (n=330) | Community-acquired AKI (n=57) | Hospital-acquired AKI (n=61) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-admission factors | General | Male | 246 (54.8) | 173 (52.4) | 36 (61.2) | 37 (60.7) |
Age† | 69.4 (16.2) | 69.4 (16.6) | 72.0 (13.9) | 66.7 (15.7) | ||
Clinical frailty score† | 4.2 (1.9) | 4.17 (1.9) | 4.8 (1.9)* | 4 (1.89) | ||
Comorbidities | Chronic kidney disease | 45 (10) | 25 (7.6) | 11 (19.3)* | 9 (14.8) | |
CV diseasea | 186 (41.4) | 139 (42.1) | 27 (47.4) | 20 (32.8) | ||
Atrial fibrillation | 92 (20.5) | 72 (21.8) | 14 (24.6) | 6 (9.8)+ | ||
Heart failure | 40 (8.9) | 24 (7.3) | 9 (15.8) | 7 (11.5) | ||
Hypertension | 195 (43.4) | 143 (43.3) | 30 (52.6) | 22 (36.1) | ||
Diabetes | 117 (26.1) | 76 (23.0) | 22 (38.6)* | 19 (31.2) | ||
Respiratory diseaseb | 106 (23.6) | 74 (22.4) | 17 (29.8) | 15 (24.6) | ||
Obesity | 100 (22.3) | 75 (22.7) | 9 (15.8) | 16 (26.2) | ||
Pre-admission drugs | ACEI/ARB | 109 (24.3) | 81 (24.6) | 14 (24.6) | 14 (23.0) | |
Loop diuretics | 68 (15.0) | 48 (14.6) | 9 (15.8) | 11 (18.0) | ||
Admission factors | Admission bloods | Admission CRP‡ | 79 (32, 153) | 76. (29, 133) | 113 (49, 210)* | 85 (22, 170) |
Admission lymphocytes‡ | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | ||
Admission urea Cr ratio† | 94.4 (39.0) | 93.9 (36.3) | 97.7 (36.5) | 94.2 (53.2) | ||
Admission observations | Heart rate† | 91.6 (19.2) | 90.7 (19.1) | 95.9 (20.8) | 92.3 (17.4) | |
Systolic BP† | 129.5 (22.8) | 130.6 (21.6) | 120.6 (29.3)* | 131.5 (20.8) | ||
Respiratory rate† | 22.5 (6.6) | 22.1 (6.2) | 24.8 (7.9)* | 22.6 (7.3) | ||
Oxygen saturation‡ | 96 (93, 97) | 96 (93, 97) | 94 (93, 96)* | 96 (93, 97) | ||
Temperature† | 37.4 (1.1) | 37.4 (1.0) | 37.3 (1.3) | 37.4 (1.0) | ||
COVID-19 acquisition | Community-acquired | 394 (87.9) | 294 (89.1) | 57 (100) | 43 (70.5) | |
Hospital-acquired | 54 (12.1) | 36 (10.9) | 0 (0) | 18 (29.5) | ||
Inpatients factors | Inpatient bloods | Peak CRP‡ | 140 (77, 239) | 123 (65, 218) | 196 (120, 287) | 217 (116, 290)+ |
Trough lymphocytes‡ | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) | 0.3 (0.5, 0.7)+ | ||
Inpatient observations | Trough systolic BP† | 99.8 (14.3) | 101.9 (13.3) | 93.7 (16.0) | 93.0 (14.7)+ | |
Peak heart rate† | 109.6 (19.2) | 107.5 (18.1) | 113.4 (20.0) | 118.5 (21.9)+ | ||
Peak O2 flow rate‡ | 4 (0, 13.5) | 3 (0, 8) | 6 (2, 15) | 10 (1.3, 15)+ | ||
Inpatient drugs | ACEI/ARB | 60 (13.3) | 52 (15.8) | 3 (5.3) | 5 (8.2) | |
Loop diuretics | 104 (23.2) | 66 (20) | 12 (21.1) | 26 (42.6) | ||
IV fluids on admission | 269 (60.0) | 189 (57.3) | 46 (80.7) | 34 (55.7) | ||
Organ support | Critical care admission | 62 (13.8) | 29 (8.8) | 11 (19.3) | 22 (36.1)+ | |
IMV | 52 (11.6) | 19 (5.8) | 10 (17.5) | 23 (37.7)+ | ||
NIV alone | 27 (6.0) | 20 (6.1) | 4 (7.0) | 3 (4.9) | ||
Vasopressors | 64 (14.3) | 32 (9.7) | 10 (17.5) | 22 (36.1)+ | ||
RRT | 14 (3.1) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (5.3) | 10 (16.4)+ | ||
Peak AKI stage | AKI stage 1 | 65 (14.5) | N/A | 28 (49.1) | 37 (60.7) | |
AKI stage 2 | 22 (4.9) | N/A | 13 (22.8) | 9 (14.8) | ||
AKI stage 3 | 31 (6.9) | N/A | 16 (28.1) | 15 (24.6) | ||
Outcomes | Still an inpatient | 40 (8.9) | 28 (8.5) | 1 (1.8) | 11 (18.0) | |
Discharged | 275 (61.4) | 225 (68.2) | 31 (54.4) | 19 (31.2)+ | ||
Died | 161 (35.9) | 97 (29.4) | 30 (52.6)* | 34 (55.7)+ | ||
Length of stay in days‡ | 7 (4, 14) | 7 (3, 13) | 7 (3.8, 13) | 16.5 (7.3, 33)+ |