Table 1 Baseline characteristics of ASSESS-AKI adult study population
Characteristic | AKI during index hospitalization (n = 769) | No AKI during index hospitalization (n = 769) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Measured at baseline visit | |||
Systolic BP, mmHg, (mean, SD) (median, [IQR]) | 128.6 (22.0) 127 [114, 142] | 126.6 (19.4) 126 [114, 137] | 0.06 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg, (mean, SD) (median, [IQR]) | 71.3 (13.9) 71 [62, 80] | 71.9 (13.8) 71 [62, 81] | 0.39 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 (mean, SD) | 31.6 (8.3) | 30.5 (7.0) | 0.007 |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL (mean, SD) | 1.3 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.4) | < 0.0001 |
CKD-EPI equation eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 (mean, SD) | 65.7 (26.9) | 72.7 (24.2) | < 0.0001 |
Urine protein to creatinine ratio, mg/gm (median, [IQR]) | 145.5 [81.1, 306.1] | 117.6 [72.3, 222.2] | < 0.0001 |
Urine albumin to creatinine ratio, mg/gm (median, [IQR]) | 20.7 [8.0, 118.0] | 11.3 [6.0, 32.4] | < 0.0001 |
Medication use baseline study visit (n, %) | |||
ACE-I/ARB | 386 (50.2) | 362 (47.1) | 0.22 |
Diuretic | 372 (48.4) | 304 (39.5) | 0.0005 |
Aldosterone receptor antagonist | 65 (8.5) | 53 (6.9) | 0.25 |
Beta blocker | 484 (62.9) | 414 (53.8) | 0.0003 |
Calcium channel blocker | 191 (24.8) | 166 (21.6) | 0.13 |
Statin | 451 (58.7) | 430 (55.9) | 0.28 |
Aspirin | 94 (12.2) | 89 (11.6) | 0.69 |
Prescription NSAID | 38 (4.9) | 42 (5.5) | 0.65 |
No. of BP medication classes at baseline study visit (mean, SD)* | 2.2 [1.3] | 1.8 [1.4] | < 0.0001 |
Age (mean, SD) | 63.7 (12.8) | 65.4 (12.6) | 0.007 |
Female (n, %) | 250 (32.5) | 324 (42.1) | < 0.0001 |
Center (n, %) | |||
Kaiser Permanente | 156 (20.3) | 156 (20.3) | 1 |
University of Washington | 208 (27.1) | 208 (27.1) | |
Vanderbilt | 251 (32.6) | 251 (32.6) | |
Yale consortium | 154 (20.0) | 154 (20.0) | |
Smoking status (n, %) | |||
Never | 308 (40.1) | 326 (42.4) | 0.31 |
Former | 344 (44.7) | 345 (44.9) | |
Current | 112 (14.6) | 90 (11.7) | |
Unknown | 5 (0.7) | 8 (1.0) | |
Race (n, %) | |||
White | 607 (78.9) | 653 (84.9) | 0.04 |
Black/African American | 117 (15.2) | 78 (10.1) | |
Asian | 17 (2.2) | 14 (1.8) | |
American Indian/Alaskan Native | 9 (1.2) | 5 (0.7) | |
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 4 (0.5) | 6 (0.8) | |
Multi-Racial | 15 (2.0) | 13 (1.7) | |
Hispanic (n, %) | 21 (2.7) | 17 (2.2) | 0.51 |
Self-reported comorbidities (n, %) | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 387 (50.3) | 271 (35.2) | < 0.0001 |
History of myocardial infarction or revascularization | 372 (48.4) | 321 (41.7) | 0.03 |
Chronic kidney disease | 306 (39.8) | 306 (39.8) | 1 |
Heart failure | 205 (26.7) | 122 (15.9) | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension | 604 (78.5) | 542 (70.5) | 0.001 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 183 (23.8) | 152 (19.8) | 0.14 |
Chronic liver disease | 38 (4.9) | 22 (2.9) | 0.07 |
Lupus | 7 (0.9) | 8 (1.0) | 0.59 |
Index hospitalization (n, %) | |||
Treated in ICU | 545 (70.9) | 473 (61.5) | 0.0001 |
Sepsis | 118 (15.3) | 26 (3.4) | < 0.0001 |
AKIN stage 1 | 553 (71.9) | NA | |
AKIN stage 2 | 118 (15.3) | ||
AKIN stage 3 | 98 (12.7) | ||
Dialysis | 26 (3.4) |