Table 1 Characterization of the population according to the presence/absence of CKD
Variables | CKD | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||||
n (%) or mean (sd) | |||||
Gender | Female | 132 (60.8) | 85 (39.2) | 0.720 | |
Male | 48 (63.2) | 28 (36.8) | |||
Age (years) | 62 (12) | 72 (9) | < 0.001* | ||
Education | High school or more | 15 (65.2) | 8 (34.8) | 0.077 | |
Up to 8th grade | 14 (58.3) | 10 (41.7) | |||
Up to 4th grade | 114 (66.7) | 57 (33.3) | |||
Illiterate | 37 (49.3) | 38 (50.7) | |||
Civil status | With a partner | 117 (64.6) | 64 (35.4) | 0.152 | |
No partner | 63 (56.2) | 49 (43.8) | |||
Tobacco | Never smoked | 113 (59.8) | 76 (40.2) | 0.626 | |
Ex-smoker | 51 (63.0) | 30 (37.0) | |||
Smoker | 16 (69.6) | 7 (30.4) | |||
Alcohol intake | No | 151 (58.8) | 106 (41.2) | 0.012* | |
Yes | 29 (80.6) | 7 (19.4) | |||
Physical Activity | Active | 126 (65.6) | 66 (34.4) | 0.042* | |
Not active | 54 (53.5) | 47 (46.5) | |||
Diabetes Mellitus | No | 144 (61.0) | 92 (39.0) | 0.766 | |
Yes | 36 (63.2) | 21 (36.8) | |||
Time with AH | < 10 years | 114 (65.5) | 60 (34.5) | 0.082 | |
> 10 years | 66 (55.5) | 53 (44.5) | |||
Blood pressure controlled | No | 27 (15.0) | 17 (15.0) | 0.949 | |
Yes | 153 (85.0) | 96 (85.0) | |||
Antihypertensive drugs | Thiazide diuretics | 101 (56.1) | 63 (55.8) | 0.952 | |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 56 (31.1) | 41 (36.3) | 0.366 | ||
Angiotensin receptor blockers | 63 (35.0) | 41 (36.3) | 0.978 | ||
Loop diuretics | 19 (10.6) | 25 (22.1) | 0.012* | ||
Beta-blockers | 37 (20.6) | 19 (16.8) | 0.422 | ||
Overweight | No | 51 (52.6) | 46 (47.4) | 0.028* | |
Yes | 129 (65.8) | 67 (34.2) | |||
Glucose (mg/dL) | 104.11 (36.97) | 107.05 (32.49) | 0.487 | ||
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 202.52 (37.85) | 201.34 (36.00) | 0.790 | ||
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47.72 (8.52) | 48.54 (8.98) | 0.431 | ||
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 122.70 (36.98) | 120.69 (35.84) | 0.648 | ||
Tryglicerides (mg/dL) | 149.82 (76.25) | 151.73 (97.11) | 0.851 | ||
Urea (mg/dL) | 34.8 (5.3) | 43.4 (9.2) | < 0.001* | ||
Albuminuria (mg/g) | < 30 | 145 (64.2) | 81 (35.8) | 0.204 | |
30 - 300 | 31 (51.7) | 29 (48.3) | |||
> 300 | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | |||
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.93 (0.11) | 1.19 (0.27) | < 0.001* | ||
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²) | 72.38 (9.96) | 50.72 (8.02) | < 0.001* | ||
SUA parameters | |||||
SUA (mg/dL) | Male Female Total | 6.24 (1.00) 4.60 (1.05) 5.04 (1.26) | 6.74 (1.00) 5.45 (1.24) 5.77 (1.31) | 0.038* < 0.001* < 0.001* | |
SUA/SCr | Male Female Total | 5.96 (0.93) 5.22 (1.19) 5.41 (1.17) | 4.97 (0.96) 4.90 (1.13) 4.92 (1.09) | < 0.001* 0.053 < 0.001* | |
Quartiles SUA | Q1 (2.60 – 4.30) | Male Female Total | 3 (75.0) 56 (78.9) 59 (78.7) | 1 (25.0) 15 (21.1) 16 (21.3) | < 0.001* |
Q2 (4.31 – 5.30) | Male Female Total | 6 (85.7) 43 (57.3) 49 (59.8) | 1 (14.3) 32 (42.7) 33 (40.2) | ||
Q3 (5.31 – 6.30) | Male Female Total | 16 (80.0) 27 (56.2) 43 (63.2) | 4 (20.0) 21 (43.8) 25 (36.8) | ||
Q4 (6.31 – 9.30) | Male Female Total | 23 (51.1) 6 (26.1) 29 (42.6) | 22 (48.9) 17 (73.9) 39 (57.4) | ||
Quartiles SUA/SCr | Q1 (1.72 – 4.48) | Male Female Total | 4 (40.0) 35 (54.7) 39 (52.7) | 6 (60.0) 29 (45.3) 35 (47.3) | 0.005* |
Q2 (4.49 – 5.15) | Male Female Total | 5 (33.3) 33 (55.9) 38 (51.4) | 10 (66.7) 26 (44.1) 36 (48.6) | ||
Q3 (5.16 – 6.06) | Male Female Total | 15 (60.0) 33 (68.8) 48 (65.8) | 10 (40.0) 15 (31.2) 25 (34.2) | ||
Q4 (6.07 – 11.49) | Male Female Total | 24 (92.3) 31 (67.4) 55 (76.4) | 2 (7.7) 15 (32.6) 17 (23.6) | ||