Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study patients

Age (year)

65.5 ± 9.8

65.3 ± 10.0

65.5 ± 9.7

66.7 ± 9.6*

0.045

Male (%)

73.7

76.6

71.2^†

68.4^†

<  0.001

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.3 ± 3.1

24.2 ± 3.2

24.5 ± 3.0^†

24.4 ± 2.6

0.031

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

126.4 ± 20.6

127.1 ± 19.6

126.5 ± 21.4

123.9 ± 22.0*

0.038

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

73.3 ± 12.4

73.9 ± 12.0

73.3 ± 12.7

70.9 ± 12.9^‡

<  0.001

 Hypertension

57.5

55.2

58.3

65.4^†

0.003

 Diabetes mellitus

43.8

42.8

43.3

49.6*

0.075

 History of myocardial infarction

9.3

8.2

10.1

11.6*

0.074

 History of stroke

19.8

18.2

20.1

25.4^†

0.011

 History of peripheral vascular disease

6.5

5.4

7.0

9.9^†

0.009

Smoking (%)

31.5

30.8

31.8

33.4

0.603

Alcohol (%)

29.7

30.0

29.3

29.3

0.923

 No. of grafting arteries

2.4 ± 0.8

2.5 ± 0.9

2.4 ± 0.7*

2.3 ± 0.7*

<  0.001

 Cardiopulmonary bypass (%)

16.4

11.7

16.7^‡

37.0^‡

<  0.001

 Intra-aortic balloon pump (%)

8.9

8.0

8.1

15.5^‡

<  0.001

 Surgical time (min)

345.5 ± 105.2

350.6 ± 113.0

345.3 ± 100.1

322.9 ± 79.5^‡

<  0.001

 ACE inhibitor or ARB

35.9

39.7

34.4^†

23.9^‡

<  0.001

 Beta-blocker

38.3

39.2

38.7

33.1*

0.113

 Diuretics

16.2

18.3

13.6^†

15.5

0.005

 Statin

40.5

43.4

39.8

30.1^‡

<  0.001

White blood cells (×10³/mm³)

7.8 ± 3.1

7.8 ± 3.0

7.8 ± 3.1

8.3 ± 3.1^†

0.022

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

12.5 ± 2.1

13.1 ± 1.9

12.2 ± 2.0^‡

10.9 ± 2.1^‡

<  0.001

 Albumin (g/dL)

3.8 ± 0.6

4.0 ± 0.6

3.7 ± 0.6^‡

3.1 ± 0.7^‡

<  0.001

 Cholesterol (mg/dL)

149.4 ± 44.2

158.5 ± 41.3

147.0 ± 44.5^‡

117.0 ± 39.8^‡

<  0.001

 Glucose (mg/dL)

140.5 ± 1.4

145.9 ± 1.9

128.9 ± 1.9

155.5 ± 8.5^‡

<  0.001

 eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

71.5 ± 19.8

70.3 ± 19.4

63.3 ± 21.7^‡

<  0.001

 Sodium (mmol/L)

138.4 ± 2.9

140.6 ± 2.3^‡

142.9 ± 3.1^‡

<  0.001

 Potassium (mmol/L)

4.2 ± 0.4

4.1 ± 0.4^‡

4.1 ± 0.5^‡

<  0.001

 Chloride (mmol/L)

102.6 ± 2.3

107.5 ± 1.3^‡

113.1 ± 2.7^‡

<  0.001

Left ventricular EF < 40% (%)

12.6

14.3

11.3*

9.0^†

0.007