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Table 1 Characteristics of CKD patients with or without anemiaa

From: Association between metabolic parameters and risks of anemia and electrolyte disturbances among stages 3–5 chronic kidney disease patients in Taiwan

Variables

Total

(n = 2176)

Non-anemia

(n = 719)

Anemia

(n = 1457)

Pb

Age, years

70.9 ± 13.9

68.7 ± 13.3

72.1 ± 14.0

< 0.001

 20–44

113 (5.2)

39 (5.4)

74 (5.1)

 

 45–69

818 (37.6)

327 (45.5)

491 (33.7)

 

  ≥ 70

1245 (57.2)

353 (49.1)

892 (61.2)

 

Gender

   

< 0.001

 Men

1284 (59.0)

467 (64.9)

817 (56.1)

 

 Women

892 (41.0)

252 (35.1)

640 (43.9)

 

CKD stagec

   

< 0.001

 Stage 3

1051 (48.3)

538 (74.8)

513 (35.2)

 

 Stage 4

665 (30.6)

148 (20.6)

517 (35.5)

 

 Stage 5

460 (21.1)

33 (4.6)

427 (29.3)

 

Marital status

   

0.216

 No

652 (30.0)

203 (28.2)

449 (30.8)

 

 Yes

1524 (70.0)

516 (71.8)

1008 (69.2)

 

Education level

   

< 0.001

 Low

1453 (66.8)

434 (60.4)

1019 (69.9)

 

 High

723 (33.2)

285 (39.6)

438 (30.1)

 

Occupation

   

< 0.001

 Unemployment

1153 (53.0)

317 (44.1)

836 (57.4)

 

 Professional

1023 (47.0)

402 (55.9)

621 (42.6)

 

Cigarettes smoking

   

< 0.001

 No

1620 (74.4)

520 (72.3)

1100 (75.5)

 

 Former

235 (10.8)

64 (8.9)

171 (11.7)

 

 Current

321 (14.8)

135 (18.8)

186 (12.8)

 

Alcohol drinking

   

0.001

 No

1885 (86.6)

607 (84.4)

1278 (87.7)

 

 Former

108 (5.0)

30 (4.2)

78 (5.4)

 

 Current

183 (8.4)

82 (11.4)

101 (6.9)

 

Physical activityd

   

0.001

 No

1527 (70.2)

470 (65.4)

1057 (72.6)

 

 Yes

649 (29.8)

249 (34.6)

400 (27.4)

 

Drug usee

   

0.049

 No

877 (40.3)

311 (43.2)

566 (38.8)

 

 Yes

1299 (59.7)

408 (56.8)

891 (61.2)

 

Nutrition education

   

0.330

 No

943 (43.3)

301 (41.9)

642 (44.1)

 

 Yes

1233 (56.7)

418 (58.1)

815 (55.9)

 

BMI, kg/m2

25.6 ± 4.4

26.3 ± 4.2

25.2 ± 4.4

< 0.001

Systolic BP, mmHg

136 ± 20

135 ± 19

135 ± 20

0.632

Diastolic BP, mmHg

73 ± 13

75 ± 13

72 ± 14

< 0.001

Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L

6.9 ± 2.9

6.9 ± 2.8

7.0 ± 3.0

0.417

HbA1c, %

6.8 ± 2.9

6.7 ± 1.6

6.9 ± 3.5

0.217

Albumin, g/L

40.6 ± 5.7

43.1 ± 4.5

39.5 ± 5.9

< 0.001

Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.8 ± 1.7

1.9 ± 1.3

1.8 ± 1.9

< 0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.9 ± 1.4

5.0 ± 1.3

4.9 ± 1.4

0.217

LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L

2.6 ± 0.9

2.7 ± 0.8

2.6 ± 0.9

0.079

HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L

1.2 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.4

0.273

  1. aData are presented as number (percentage) for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables
  2. bThe P-value was analyzed using the general linear model for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables
  3. cCKD stage 3 (30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2), stage 4 (15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2) and stage 5 (< 15 mL/min/1.73 m2)
  4. dPhysically active was defined as engaging in physical activity for ≥30 min/week
  5. eDrug use: angiotensin II receptor blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, calcium channel blocker or calcium phosphate binder
  6. Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, BP Blood pressure, CKD Chronic kidney disease, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin A1c, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL Low-density lipoprotein
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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