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Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for anemia, electrolyte and mineral disorders associated with metabolic parametersa

From: Association between metabolic parameters and risks of anemia and electrolyte disturbances among stages 3–5 chronic kidney disease patients in Taiwan

Metabolic parameters

Anemia

OR (95% CI)

P

Hyperkalemia

OR (95% CI)

P

Hyponatremia

OR (95% CI)

P

Hypercalcemia

OR (95% CI)

P

Hyperphosphatemia

OR (95% CI)

P

Systolic BP

 Normal

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 High

1.29 (0.95–1.78)

0.10

1.17 (0.77–1.78)

0.45

0.87 (0.53–1.44)

0.60

1.03 (0.63–1.67)

0.91

0.99 (0.66–1.47)

0.95

Diastolic BP

 Normal

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 High

1.32 (1.01–1.73)

0.041

1.54 (1.08–2.21)

0.017

0.99 (0.64–1.52)

0.95

1.05 (0.70–1.58)

0.82

1.16 (0.83–1.62)

0.39

Fasting blood glucose

 Normal

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 High

1.45 (1.20–1.76)

< 0.001

1.24 (0.98–1.57)

0.066

1.59 (1.16–2.16)

0.004

1.38 (1.05–1.83)

0.025

1.32 (1.06–1.65)

0.014

HbA1c

 Normal

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 High

1.45 (1.19–1.76)

< 0.001

1.26 (1.00–1.59)

0.049

1.58 (1.16–2.16)

0.004

1.33 (1.00–1.76)

0.049

1.20 (0.96–1.51)

0.10

Triglycerides

 Normal

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 High

0.84 (0.66–1.06)

0.15

1.00 (0.75–1.33)

1.00

1.07 (0.72–1.59)

0.72

1.43 (1.03–1.99)

0.034

1.01 (0.78–1.33)

0.92

Total cholesterol

 Normal

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 High

0.85 (0.61–1.19)

0.35

1.03 (0.70–1.52)

0.82

1.35 (0.82–2.22)

0.24

1.95 (1.28–2.96)

0.002

1.24 (0.88–1.76)

0.22

LDL-cholesterol

 Normal

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 High

1.53 (0.92–2.57)

0.10

0.78 (0.42–1.47)

0.45

1.56 (0.75–3.23)

0.24

3.08 (1.77–5.34)

< 0.001

1.38 (0.84–2.27)

0.21

HDL-cholesterol

 Normal

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Low

1.26 (0.92–1.72)

0.15

0.93 (0.62–1.39)

0.49

0.88 (0.49–1.56)

0.66

0.77 (0.47–1.24)

0.28

1.40 (0.96–2.02)

0.07

  1. aAdjusted for age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, drug use, nutrition education and body mass index
  2. Abbreviations: BP Blood pressure, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin A1c, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL Low-density lipoprotein