Table 1 Unadjusted associations between demographic and health related variables with the risk of CKD
From: Chronic kidney disease and its health-related factors: a case-control study
Variables | Cases (N = 350) | Controls (N = 350) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | n (%) | n (%) | Â |
Sex | |||
 Female | 142 (40.6) | 150 (42.9) | 0.54 |
 Male | 208 (59.4) | 200 (57.1) | |
Age group | |||
 20- < 40 | 30 (8.6) | 32 (9.1) | 0.989 |
 40- < 50 | 49 (14.0) | 50 (14.3) | |
 50- < 60 | 89 (25.4) | 90 (25.7) | |
  ≥ 60 | 182 (52.0) | 178 (50.9) | |
Place of residency | |||
 Rural | 93 (26.6) | 103 (29.4) | 0.412 |
 Urban | 257 (73.4) | 247 (70.6) | |
Education | |||
 Illiterate or elementary | 149 (42.6) | 133 (38.0) | 0.001 |
 Middle school | 86 (24.6) | 68 (19.4) | |
 High school | 68 (19.4) | 60 (17.1) | |
 College | 47 (13.4) | 89 (25.4) | |
Marriage status | |||
 Single | 11 (3.1) | 15 (4.3) | 0.424 |
 Married | 399 (96.9) | 335 (95.7) | |
Job | |||
 Employed | 74 (21.1) | 64 (18.3) | 0.154 |
 Unemployed | 174 (49.7) | 160 (45.7) | |
 Household | 102 (29.1) | 126 (36) | |
History of diabetes | |||
 No | 181 (51.7) | 292 (83.4) | 0.001 |
 Yes | 169 (48.3) | 58 (16.6) | |
History of HTN** | |||
 No | 119 (34.0) | 248 (70.9) | 0.001 |
 Yes | 231 (66.0) | 102 (29.1) | |
History of cardiovascular diseases | |||
 No | 212(60.6) | 290 (82.9) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 138 (39.4) | 60 (17.1) | |
History of kidney diseases | |||
 No | 170 (48.6) | 279 (79.7) | 0.001 |
 Yes | 180 (51.4) | 71 (20.3) | |
Family history of kidney diseases | |||
 No | 250(71.43) | 305 (87.1) | 0.001 |
 Yes | 100(28.57) | 45 (12.9) | |
History of smoking | |||
 No | 207 (59.1) | 233 (66.6) | 0.003 |
 Yes | 143 (40.9) | 117 (33.4) | |
Autoimmune diseases | |||
 No | 319 (91.1) | 335 (95.7) | 0.015 |
 Yes | 31 (8.9) | 15 (4.3) | |
Hypothyroidism | |||
 No | 298 (85.1) | 318 (90.9) | 0.02 |
 Yes | 52 (14.9) | 32 (9.1) | |
History of UTI*** | |||
 No | 232 (66.3) | 288 (82.3) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 118 (33.7) | 62 (17.7) | |
History of surgery due to illness or accident | |||
 No | 123 (35.1) | 193 (55.1) | 0.001 |
 Yes | 227 (64.9) | 157 (44.9) | |
Low birth weight | |||
 No | 316 (90.3) | 338 (96.6) | 0.001 |
 Yes | 34 (9.7) | 12 (3.4) | |
History of burns | |||
 No | 309 (88.3) | 334 (95.4) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 41 (11.7) | 16 (4.6) | |
History of kidney pain | |||
 Not at all | 192 (54.9) | 231 (66.0) | < 0.001 |
 Seldom | 39 (11.1) | 51 (14.6) | |
 Sometimes | 62 (17.7) | 45 (12.9) | |
 Mostly | 57 (16.3) | 23 (6.6) | |
History of chemotherapy | |||
 No | 309 (88.5) | 327 (93.4) | 0.024 |
 Yes | 40 (11.5) | 23 (6.6) | |
History of taking drugs for weight loss | |||
 No | 326 (93.1) | 336 (96.0) | 0.095 |
 Yes | 24 (6.9) | 14 (4.0) | |
History of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | |||
 No | 203 (58.0) | 254 (72.6) | 0.001 |
 Yes | 147 (42.0) | 96 (27.4) | |
History of taking antibiotic | |||
 Never | 55 (15.7) | 63 (18.0) | 0.001 |
 Rarely | 154 (44.0) | 222 (63.4) | |
 Sometime | 100 (28.6) | 57 (16.3) | |
 Frequently | 41 (11.7) | 8 (2.3) | |