Left ventricular mass regression, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis

Table 4 Subgroup analyses by type of intervention, according to LVM or LVMI change relative to the median, according to whether the study possibly included children, and according to the presence or absence of ESKD for the pooled relative risk of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease in studies with ≥12 months of follow-up in which left ventricular mass was reduced in the intervention group relative to the control group and there was ≥1 event in ≥1 group

Intervention/ degree of LVM(I) ∆/ ESKD status/or Age, number of studies	Intervention Events/subjects	Control Events/subjects	Median F/U, LVM ∆^a	Pooled RR^b	95% CI
ESA, 5	17/507	32/584	24, −0.20	0.60	0.34 to 1.08
RAASi, 3	3/158	6/158	12, −0.34	0.55	0.15 to 2.03
NCHD^c, 11	72/992	89/976	12, −0.26	0.78	0.58 to 1.06
Other, 8	29/494	41/498	12, −0.40	0.67	0.42 to 1.08
> −0.285^d, 14	80/1468	102/1542	12, −0.17	0.80	0.60 to 1.06
≤ −0.285, 13	41/683	66/674	12, −0.51	0.60	0.41 to 0.88
Adults only, 23	111/1902	155/1971	12, −0.25	0.71	0.56 to 0.91
Included children/unclear, 4	10/249	13/245	12, −0.30	0.77	0.34 to 1.78
ESKD, 21	114/1865	155/1863	12, −0.26	0.72	0.57 to 0.92
Non-ESKD, 6	7/286	13/353	24, −0.47	0.66	0.24 to 1.81

∆ change, CI confidence interval, ESA erythropoietin stimulating agent/higher vs. lower hemoglobin target, ESKD end stage kidney disease, F/U follow-up, LVM left ventricular mass, NCHD non-conventional vs. conventional hemodialysis, RAASi renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor vs. placebo or standard treatment, RR relative risk
^aUnits for F/U are months and for LVM ∆ are standardized mean differences; results are for random effects analysis
^bP-_{heterogeneity} = 0.828 for intervention, 0.241 for LVM(I) ∆, 0.868 for ESKD status, and 0.866 for age
^cNCHD includes convective hemodialysis, more frequent hemodialysis (≥4x per week), earlier start to hemodialysis, hemodialysis with hemoperfusion, fluid management during hemodialysis, and reduced dialysate sodium
^dThe cutpoint of −0.285 is the standardized mean difference from the sensitivity analysis, which included all studies with ≥12 months of follow-up, including those with no events

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