Table 1 Comparison of clinical and laboratory data among subgroups of patients with T2DM divided according to UACR and healthy subjects

Male, n (%)

26(57.8%)

72(59.5%)

38(52.1%)

15(60.0%)

0.768

0.568

Age (years)

63.40 ± 10.38

62.51 ± 10.34

65.18 ± 13.52

64.48 ± 10.85

0.445

0.277

SBP (mmHg)

117.44 ± 7.04

129.50 ± 12.15^&&

132.12 ± 14.41^&&

141.60 ± 17.68^&&**^#

< 0.001

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

74.00 ± 6.79

79.41 ± 7.76^&&

78.96 ± 9.47^&

79.88 ± 6.70^&

0.001

0.874

FBG (mmol/L)

4.81 ± 0.42

8.63 ± 4.14^&&

8.79 ± 3.50^&&

9.10 ± 2.76^&&

< 0.001

0.850

HbA1c (%)

5.50 ± 0.37

9.41 ± 2.40^&&

9.88 ± 3.19^&&

9.45 ± 2.17^&&

< 0.001

0.479

Known diabetes duration (years)

/

8.00(3.00, 15.00)

10.00(6.00, 20.00)**

18.00(13.00, 20.00)**^#

/

< 0.001

UACR (mg/g)

3.59(2.04, 5.75)

8.55(5.30, 14.07)^&&

77.69(48.49, 166.00)^&&**

834.05(614.33, 2103.99)^&&**^##

< 0.001

< 0.001

sCr (umol/L)

66.73 ± 12.19

65.07 ± 13.82

72.07 ± 18.48*

137.04 ± 49.66^&&**^##

< 0.001

< 0.001

BUN (mmol/L)

5.11 ± 0.96

5.58 ± 1.45

7.08 ± 2.81^&&**

8.91 ± 4.33^&&**^#

< 0.001

< 0.001

sUA (ummol/L)

308.84 ± 71.81

325.74 ± 94.77

345.77 ± 101.29^&

373.84 ± 103.01^&*

0.022

0.060

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

102.44 ± 21.80

106.44 ± 21.12

95.31 ± 28.75*

47.53 ± 12.50^&&**^##

< 0.001

< 0.001

TC (mmol/L)

4.67 ± 0.72

4.68 ± 1.59

4.38 ± 1.22

4.41 ± 1.38

0.421

0.335

TG (mmol/L)

0.94(0.75, 1.33)

1.55(1.08, 2.43)^&

1.40(0.99, 2.12)^&

1.66(1.13, 2.63)^&

< 0.001

0.360

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.97 ± 0.84

2.93 ± 1.15

2.69 ± 0.84

2.84 ± 1.00

0.373

0.319

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.41 ± 0.28

1.13 ± 0.35^&&

1.11 ± 0.31^&&

1.06 ± 0.27^&&

< 0.001

0.660

CgA (ng/mL)

1.89(1.42, 2.47)

2.26(1.38, 4.12)^&

4.83(2.63, 6.46)^&&**

6.35(4.91, 7.54)^&&**^#

< 0.001

< 0.001

ACEI/ARB, n (%)

0(0.0%)

34(28.1%)^&&

25(34.2%)^&&

18(72.0%)^&&**^#

< 0.001

< 0.001