Table 2 Prevalence of psychosocial disorders – overall and by participant type (recipient/donor)^a

Demographic variables

Age

 21–49

21.1% (15.3–28.2%)

22.0% (15.0–21.0%)

19.2% (10.8–31.9%)

 50 and above

11.3% (8.38–15.1%)

11.6% (8.01–16.4%)

10.8% (6.44–17.7%)

Gender

 Men

13.7% (9.84–18.8%)

14.3% (9.72–20.5%)

12.3% (6.37–22.5%)

 Women

14.8% (11.0–19.5%)

15.2% (10.5–21.5%)

14.0% (8.68–21.9%)

Ethnicity

 Chinese

15.6% (12.4–19.6%)

15.8% (11.8–20.7%)

15.4% (10.2–22.6%)

 Malay

6.06% (2.38–14.6%)

5.56% (1.54–18.2%)

6.67% (1.85–21.3%)

 Indian

13.6% (4.75–33.3%)

12.5% (3.50–36.0%)

16.7% (3.01–56.4%)

 Others

15.8% (5.52–37.6%)

23.1% (8.18–50.3%)

0

Marital status

 Married

12.6% (9.63–16.4%)

12.1% (8.52–17.0%)

13.5% (8.80–20.1%)

 Others

19.2% (13.3–27.0%)

21.3% (14.2–30.6%)

12.9% (5.13–28.9%)

Number of people living in home

 1–2 persons

12.3% (7.84–18.8%)

13.0% (7.62–21.4%)

10.9% (4.73–23.0%)

 3 or more persons

15.0% (11.7–19.1%)

15.5% (11.4–20.7%)

14.3% (9.23–21.5%)

Home type

 HDB/HUDC

14.1% (11.0–17.9%)

15.1% (11.2–20.1%)

12.2% (7.78–18.7%)

 Others

15.0% (9.42–22.9%)

13.5% (7.51–23.1%)

18.2% (8.61–34.4%)

Employment status

 Employed

15.3% (11.8–19.6%)

16.0% (11.6–21.6%)

14.1% (8.96–21.4%)

 Unemployed

12.4% (8.22–18.1%)

12.6% (7.79–19.8%)

11.8% (5.50–23.4%)

Educational level

 Primary and lower

5.41% (2.12–13.1%)

2.13% (3.80–11.1%)

11.1% (3.85–28.1%)

 Secondary and above

15.8% (12.7–19.6%)

21.3% (14.2–30.6%)

13.8% (9.11–20.3%)

Religion

 Buddhist

15.9% (11.1–22.2%)

16.5% (10.7–24.6%)

14.5% (7.56–26.2%)

 Christian

22.8% (16.1–31.3%)

24.3% (15.8–35.5%)

20.5% (11.2–34.5%)

 Others

8.68% (5.63–13.2%)

8.90% (5.27–14.6%)

8.22% (3.82–16.8%)

Resident status in Singapore

 Singapore citizen

13.6% (10.8–16.9%)

13.4% (10.1–17.7%)

13.8% (9.35–19.8%)

 Non-Singapore citizen

28.0% (14.3–47.6%)

33.3% (16.3–56.3%)

0

Health status during COVID-19 Pandemic

General health condition (self-reported health)

 Poor or fair

27.8% (19.6–37.8%)

29.0% (19.6–40.6%)

23.8% (10.6–45.1%)

 Good, very good or excellent

11.3% (8.58–14.7%)

10.9% (7.68–15.4%)

11.9% (7.67–18.1%)

Number of hospital admissions since Feb 2020

 Never

13.4% (10.5–16.9%)

14.1% (10.5–18.8%)

12.1% (7.88–18.1%)

 Once or more

19.7% (12.1–30.4%)

17.9% (10.0–29.8%)

26.7% (10.9–52.0%)

Doctor consultations in a clinic or emergency department since Feb 2020

 Never

11.7% (8.67–15.7%)

12.0% (8.40–16.9%)

11.1% (6.32–18.8%)

 Once or more

19.1% (13.9–25.6%)

21.0% (14.02–30.0%)

16.4% (9.70–26.6%)

Symptoms reported

 No symptoms

10.7% (8.04–14.2%)

10.5% (7.32–14.9%)

11.2% (6.90–17.6%)

 Symptomatic

27.4% (19.8–36.5%)

30.9% (21.2–42.6%)

21.1% (11.1–36.3%)

COVID-19 impact on other aspects of life

Asked to stay at home or be quarantined by the authorities since Feb 2020?^b

 No

13.4% (10.6–16.8%)

13.6% (10.3–17.9%)

13.0% (8.63–19.0%)

 Yes

33.3% (18.0–53.3%)

37.5% (18.5–61.4%)

25.0% (7.15–59.1%)

How likely do you think you would contract COVID-19 during the current outbreak?^b

 Extremely unlikely

9.46% (4.66–18.3%)

5.00% (1.38–16.5%)

14.7% (6.45–30.1%)

 Unlikely

12.7% (9.55–16.7%)

12.3% (8.70–17.1%)

13.6% (8.27–21.5%)

 Likely

23.3% (15.1–34.2%)

31.8% (20.0–46.6%)

10.3% (3.58–26.4%)

 Extremely likely

57.1% (25.0–84.2%)

75.0% (30.1–95.4%)

33.3% (6.15–79.3%)

Are you worried about the health of your household members during the COVID-19 Pandemic?^b

 Never

4.76% (2.05–10.7%)

3.85% (13.2–10.7%)

7.41% (2.06–23.4%)

 Sometimes

11.5% (8.20–16.0%)

12.6% (8.37–18.5%)

9.68% (5.18–17.4%)

 Most of the time

30.1% (20.8–41.4%)

31.1% (19.5–45.7%)

28.6% (15.3–47.1%)

 Always

35.0% (15.5–37.7%)

29.4% (16.8–46.2%)

18.2% (7.31–38.5%)

Are you worried that you may not have enough money during the COVID-19 Pandemic?^b

 Never

9.05% (5.87–13.7%)

7.38% (4.17–12.7%)

13.1% (6.79–23.8%)

 Sometimes

16.1% (11.6–21.9%)

17.5% (11.7–25.6%)

13.9% (7.95–23.2%)

 Most of the time

16.7% (8.32–30.6%)

22.2% (10.6–40.8%)

6.67% (1.19–29.8%)

 Always

28.6% (17.9–42.4%)

32.4% (19.1–49.2%)

20.0% (7.05–45.2%)

Are you worried about your mental health during the COVID-19 Pandemic?^b

 Never

7.76% (5.42–11.0%)

7.63% (4.88–11.7%)

8.00% (4.40–14.1%)

 Sometimes

31.5% (23.6–40.7%)

32.4% (22.9–43.7%)

29.7% (17.5–45.8%)

 Most of the time

50.0% (23.7–76.3%)

42.9% (15.8–75.0%)

66.7% (20.8–93.9%)

 Always

25.0% (8.89–53.2%)

42.9% (15.8–75.0%)

0

Are you worried that you may feel lonely and isolated during the COVID-19 Pandemic?^b

 Never

9.16% (6.66–12.5%)

9.64% (6.56–13.9%)

8.27% (4.68–14.2%)

 Sometimes

30.5% (22.2–40.4%)

30.2% (20.2–42.4%)

31.3% (18.0–48.6%)

 Most of the time

36.4% (15.2–64.6%)

28.6% (8.22–64.1%)

50.0% (15.0–85.0%)

 Always

50.0% (18.8–81.2%)

60.0% (23.1–88.2%)

0

Do you agree that the quality of healthcare provided to you have worsened during the COVID-19 Pandemic?^b

 Extremely disagree

13.3% (8.60–20.1%)

13.4% (8.00–21.6%)

13.2% (5.76–27.3%)

 Disagree

14.2% (10.7–18.5%)

14.9% (10.7–20.5%)

12.7% (7.74–20.2%)

 Agree

17.1% (8.52–31.3%)

13.6% (4.75–33.3%)

21.1% (8.51–43.3%)

 Extremely agree

28.6% (8.22–64.1%)

50.0% (15.0–85.0%)

0

Are you confident that the government and healthcare system of Singapore will be able to control the spread of COVID-19 in Singapore?^b

 Extremely unconfident

25.0% (7.15–59.1%)

66.7% (20.8–93.9%)

0

 Unconfident

37.9% (22.7–56.0%)

41.2% (21.6–64.0%)

22.2% (13.8–60.9%)

 Confident

13.8% (10.4–18.1%)

13.5% (9.53–18.9%)

14.3% (8.86–22.2%)

 Extremely confident

10.3% (6.37–16.4%)

11.3% (6.45–19.2%)

8.33% (3.29–19.6%)

Are you worried about coming to hospital for your follow-up visits or getting admitted to hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic?^b

 Never

7.55% (4.70–11.9%)

8.97% (5.32–14.7%)

4.48% (1.54–12.4%)

 Sometimes

14.8% (10.4–20.7%)

14.9% (9.52–22.6%)

14.7% (8.19–25.0%)

 Most of the time

31.0% (20.6–43.7%)

28.6% (17.2–43.6%)

37.5% (18.5–61.4%)

 Always

23.8% (13.5–38.5%)

26.1% (12.6–46.5%)

21.1% (8.51–43.3%)

Are you worried that Singapore may not have enough supply of food during the COVID-19 Pandemic?^b

 Never

11.8% (8.81–15.7%)

11.4% (7.90–16.2%)

12.7% (7.74–20.2%)

 Sometimes

19.0% (13.4–26.3%)

21.4% (14.1–31.0%)

15.1% (7.85–27.1%)

 Most of the time

33.3% (9.68–70.0%)

25.0% (4.56–69.9%)

50.0% (9.45–90.6%)

 Always

25.0% (7.15–59.1%)

66.7% (20.8–93.9%)

0

Are you worried that the supply of medications to Singapore may be reduced during the COVID-19 Pandemic?^b

 Never

11.7% (8.53–15.7%)

12.0% (8.23–17.1%)

11.0% (6.25–18.6%)

 Sometimes

17.2% (12.2–23.7%)

17.7% (11.5–26.2%)

16.4% (9.15–27.6%)

 Most of the time

37.5% (18.5–61.4%)

36.4% (15.2–64.6%)

40.0% (11.8–76.9%)

 Always

16.7% (3.01–56.4%)

50.0% (9.45–90.6%)

0

Knowledge levels about COVID-19

Knowledge score of COVID-19^c

 < median value (0- < 8)

14.3% (10.9–18.7%)

15.6% (11.1–21.7%)

12.5% (7.84–19.3%)

 ≥ median value (8–10)

14.2% (9.95–19.9%)

13.7% (9.05–20.2%)

15.9% (7.93–29.4%)

Precautionary measures taken during COVID-19

How often do you try to stay at home?^d

 Never

–

–

–

 Sometimes

0

0

0

 Most of the time

14.6% (10.8–19.4%)

14.3% (9.87–20.2%)

15.1% (9.05–24.2%)

 Always

13.6% (8.81–20.5%)

14.6% (8.89–23.0%)

11.1% (4.41–25.3%)

 I still have to go to work as I work in essential services

18.2% (11.2–28.2%)

19.1% (9.98–33.3%)

17.1% (8.10–32.7%)

How often do you wash your hands after you touch something?^d

 Never

–

–

–

 Sometimes

22.5% (13.0–35.9%)

21.9% (11.0–38.8%)

23.5% (9.56–47.3%)

 Most of the time

19.5% (14.7–25.4%)

22.8% (16.4–30.9%)

14.5% (8.47–23.6%)

 Always

7.96% (5.09–12.2%)

6.79% (3.83–11.8%)

10.9% (5.40–20.9%)

When you are in a queue, how often do you make sure you keep a distance of at least 1 m from the person in front of you?^d

 Never

–

–

–

 Sometimes

0

0

–

 Most of the time

24.7% (16.4–35.4%)

28.9% (17.7–43.4%)

18.8% (8.89–35.3%)

 Always

12.5% (9.66–16.1%)

12.4% (8.98–16.8%)

12.9% (8.20–19.7%)

How often do you cover your mouth when you are coughing or sneezing?^d

 Never

0

0

0

 Sometimes

55.6% (26.7–81.1%)

83.3% (43.7–97.0%)

0

 Most of the time

17.0% (10.8–25.9%)

15.6% (8.72–26.4%)

20.0% (9.51–37.3%)

 Always

12.9% (9.92–16.7%)

12.8% (9.25–17.6%)

13.1% (8.33–20.0%)

How often do you wear a mask when you go out of the house?^d

 Never

–

–

–

 Sometimes

0

0

0

 Most of the time

25.0% (10.2–49.5%)

25.0% (8.89–53.2%)

25.0% (4.56–69.9%)

 Always

14.2% (11.3–17.7%)

14.3% (10.9–19.7%)

13.9% (9.38–20.2%)

How often do you wash your hands after you cough, sneeze or rub your nose?^d

 Never

66.7% (20.8–93.9%)

66.7% (20.8–93.9%)

–

 Sometimes

20.8% (12.0–33.5%)

24.2% (12.8–41.0%)

15.0% (5.24–36.0%)

 Most of the time

12.4% (8.14–18.3%)

12.2% (7.39–19.4%)

12.8% (5.99–25.2%)

 Always

13.9% (10.2–18.5%)

13.5% (9.19–19.5%)

14.4% (8.79–22.8%)

When you are eating dishes with others, how often do you make sure there is a clean spoon or fork or chopstick to transfer food from the dish to your plate?^d

 Never

23.8% (10.6–45.1%)

25.0% (10.2–49.5%)

2.00% (3.62–62.5%)

 Sometimes

16.0% (8.34–28.5%)

23.3% (11.8–40.9%)

5.00% (0.89–23.6%)

 Most of the time

21.2% (14.4–30.0%)

24.5% (14.9–37.8%)

17.7% (9.57–30.3%)

 Always

11.3% (8.23–15.3%)

10.4% (7.00–15.1%)

13.6% (7.98–22.3%)

How often would you wear a mask at home if you are unwell with a cough?^d

 Never

15.8% (10.2–23.6%)

16.9% (9.72–27.8%)

14.3% (7.10–26.7%)

 Sometimes

16.3% (10.1–25.2%)

16.7% (9.32–28.0%)

15.6% (6.87–31.8%)

 Most of the time

16.3% (9.95–26.2%)

19.3% (11.1–31.3%)

10.3% (3.58–26.4%)

 Always

11.9% (8.08–17.3%)

10.8% (6.65–17.0%)

14.8% (7.70–26.6%)

Availability of health information

How often do you keep yourself updated about the COVID-19 situation in Singapore?^e

 Never

50.0% (9.45–90.6%)

100% (20.7–100%)

0

 Sometimes

15.0% (7.06–29.1%)

13.0% (4.54–32.1%)

17.7% (6.19–41.0%)

 Most of the time

20.8% (15.1–28.0%)

22.0% (14.7–31.5%)

19.0% (10.9–30.9%)

 Always

10.7% (7.60–14.7%)

10.8% (7.23–15.8%)

10.3% (5.54–18.5%)

Do you think the information you receive about COVID-19 situation in Singapore is enough?^e

 No

30.8% (19.9–44.3%)

31.4% (18.6–48.0%)

29.4% (13.3–53.1%)

 Yes

12.3% (9.55–15.8%)

12.3% (8.99–16.7%)

12.3% (7.94–18.7%)

Do you think your healthcare provider has given enough information to you about how to look after yourself during the COVID-19 Pandemic?^e

 No

14.1% (9.68–20.2%)

29.4% (13.3–53.1%)

14.4% (8.94–22.4%)

 Yes

14.4% (11.0–18.8%)

14.6% (10.8–19.5%)

13.6% (7.03–24.5%)