Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics, medications, and laboratory parameters
Groups | Study population | Control group | CVD group | DM group | DM plus pre-existing CVD group | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 2939 | 2157 | 233 | 372 | 177 | |
Age at study entry, years | 50.0 (39.0–61.0) | 46.0 (36.0–56.0) | 58.0 (45.0–69.0) | 59.0 (51.0–66.0) | 63.0 (57.0–69.0) | < 0.001 |
Men, % | 1697 (57.7%) | 1230 (57.0%) | 137 (58.8%) | 227 (61.0%) | 103 (58.2%) | 0.529 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.4 ± 3.6 | 22.1 ± 3.5 | 21.9 ± 4.0 | 23.2 ± 3.7 | 24.5 ± 3.3 | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 150.0 ± 25.6 | 148.8 ± 25.6 | 151.6 ± 25.9 | 153.2 ± 24.5 | 156.6 ± 25.80 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 87.5 ± 15.7 | 88.8 ± 16.0 | 87.3 ± 15.7 | 83.1 ± 13.3 | 80.8 ± 13.9 | < 0.001 |
24-h urine volume, ml | 800(500–1200) | 800(500–1200) | 800(400–1300) | 800 (500–1200) | 800 (500–1150) | 0.704 |
Current smoking, (%) | 294 (10.00%) | 211 (9.78%) | 26 (11.16%) | 36 (9.68%) | 21 (11.86%) | 0.756 |
Current alcohol consumption, (%) | 108 (3.7%) | 84 (3.9%) | 8 (3.4%) | 11 (3.0%) | 5 (2.8%) | 0.745 |
Hypertension, (%) | 1915 (65.2%) | 1253 (58.1%) | 183 (78.5%) | 308 (82.8%) | 171 (96.6%) | < 0.001 |
Hyperlipidemia, (%) | 533 (18.1%) | 291 (13.5%) | 64 (27.5%) | 106 (28.5%) | 72 (40.7%) | < 0.001 |
Calcium channel blockers, (%) | 2201 (74.9%) | 1567 (72.7%) | 178 (76.4%) | 294 (79.0%) | 162 (91.5%) | < 0.001 |
Beta blockers, (%) | 1213 (41.3%) | 877 (40.7%) | 100 (42.9%) | 145 (39.0%) | 91 (51.4%) | 0.003 |
Diuretics, (%) | 200 (6.8%) | 104 (4.8%) | 15 (6.4%) | 47 (12.6%) | 34 (19.2%) | < 0.001 |
ACEI/ARBs, (%) | 1012 (34.4%) | 671 (31.1%) | 89 (38.2%) | 155 (41.7%) | 97 (54.8%) | < 0.001 |
Aspirin, (%) | 244 (8.3%) | 102 (4.7%) | 26 (11.2%) | 54 (14.5%) | 62 (35.0%) | < 0.001 |
Statins, (%) | 416 (14.2%) | 218 (10.1%) | 55 (23.6%) | 80 (21.5%) | 63 (35.6%) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.25 ± 2.83 | 9.11 ± 2.82 | 9.47 ± 2.80 | 9.46 ± 2.83 | 10.16 ± 2.76 | < 0.001 |
Serum albumin, g/dL | 3.47 ± 0.56 | 3.47 ± 0.56 | 3.47 ± 0.59 | 3.45 ± 0.56 | 3.48 ± 0.61 | 0.939 |
Serum uric acid, mg/dL | 6.92 ± 2.34 | 6.99 ± 2.37 | 6.73 ± 2.10 | 6.70 ± 2.31 | 6.71 ± 2.32 | 0.049 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 6.44 (4.74–8.34) | 6.40 (4.72–8.28) | 5.91 (4.43–7.98) | 6.71 (4.85–8.60) | 6.63 (4.98–8.75) | 0.683 |
Cholesterol, mg/dL | 151.6 (117.9–183.0) | 148.9 (116.1–181.8) | 157.4 (125.3–185.6) | 153.2 (119.9–184.5) | 157.2 (129.5–187.9) | 0.031 |
Triglyceride, mg/dL | 93.9 (55.8–153.3) | 93.6 (55.8–151.6) | 92.4 (47.8–158.6) | 93.3 (56.9–155.5) | 114.3 (64.0–158.6) | 0.030 |
High-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 39.6 (31.3–49.5) | 39.4 (31.5–49.5) | 41.4 (31.8–48.7) | 40.5 (30.8–51.8) | 37.1 (29.8–47.9) | 0.291 |
Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 81.6 (48.0–116.8) | 81.3 (49.9–116.1) | 79.3 (25.4–116.1) | 85.7 (49.0–121.6) | 79.3 (29.5–122.2) | 0.444 |
hs-CRP, mg/L | 4.37 (1.91–14.18) | 4.24 (1.90–13.10) | 4.74 (1.93–18.70) | 5.00 (2.14–18.75) | 4.74 (1.70–18.91) | 0.181 |