Table 1 Blood biochemical indexes, anthropometric indicators, and intestinal flora changes between the PEW and NPEW groups

Male:female

8:8

20:13

11:8

18:16

BMI (kg/m²)

21.13 ± 3.53

23.45 ± 2.76

20.27 ± 3.24

23.88 ± 2.92

Prealbumin (g/L)

0.23 ± 0.06

0.35 ± 0.10

0.21 ± 0.05

0.29 ± 0.08

Albumin (g/L)

32 ± 5.11

35.09 ± 4.53

20.3 ± 7.49

4.64 ± 5.08

hs-CRP

6.01 ± 2.48

4.7 ± 2.65

20.3 ± 7.49

4.64 ± 5.08

IL-6

7.15 ± 3.14

6.35 ± 3.42

21.7 ± 54.89

7.52 ± 6.78

TC

4.37 ± 0.9

4.33 ± 1.05

4.93 ± 1.27

5.19 ± 1.1

HGS (kg)

18.78 ± 4.74

29.30 ± 6.79

16.81 ± 4.67

21.04 ± 6.3

MAC (cm)

21.13 ± 2.60

24.05 ± 3

19.03 ± 2.98

21.78 ± 2.91

MAMC (cm)

20.62 ± 2.65

23.63 ± 2.99

18.48 ± 3.14

21.25 ± 2.98

Shannon index

2.55 ± 0.37

3.47 ± 0.33

1.42 ± 0.45

2.31 ± 0.72

Simpson index

0.17 ± 0.07

0.09 ± 0.08

0.25 ± 0.17

0.45 ± 0.16

Lysine biosynthesis

0.84 ± 0.09

0.88 ± 0.07

0.6 ± 0.09

0.45 ± 0.16

Histidine metabolism

0.63 ± 0.09

0.64 ± 0.093

0.41 ± 0.10

0.50 ± 0.106

Aromatic biosynthesis

0.84 ± 0.11

0.89 ± 0.08

0.66 ± 0.08

0.75 ± 0.11

BCAA biosynthesis

0.74 ± 0.08

0.78 ± 0.07

0.64 ± 0.08

0.68 ± 0.09

BCAA degradation

0.23 ± 0.05

0.18 ± 0.06

0.34 ± 0.09

0.28 ± 0.15

Roseburia

0.60 ± 1.13

2.35 ± 2.81

0.007 ± 0.018

0.299 ± 0.9

Escherichia

7.01 ± 12.23

2.59 ± 5.01

35.81 ± 29.46

13.58 ± 21.85

Blautia

2.58 ± 2.4

4.53 ± 3.92

0.54 ± 0.38

6.73 ± 8.15

Phascolarctobacterium

3.54 ± 2.76

3.44 ± 3.32

0.11 ± 0.31

1.15 ± 1.23

Enterococcus

0.09 ± 0.21

0.02 ± 0.11

11.11 ± 1.91

13.16 ± 3.02