Table 2 Bivariate analysis between independent variables and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), including pain
Variables | No AKI (n = 2148) | AKI (n = 977) | OR (IC 95%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, n (%) | ||||
> 70 years | 960 (4.6) | 510 (44.6) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | < 0.05 |
Male, n (%) | 1021 (47.5) | 551 (56.3) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | < 0.05 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
NYHA | 95 (4.4) | 56 (5.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 0.145 |
Cirrhosis | 29 (1.3) | 24 (2.4) | 1.8 (1.0–3.1) | < 0.05 |
Solid tumors | 837 (38.9) | 363 (37.1) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.164 |
Hematologic tumors | 84 (3.9) | 68 (6.9) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | < 0.05 |
Arterial Hypertension | 783 (36.4) | 372 (38) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.469 |
Diabetes mellitus | 413 (19.2) | 204 (20.8) | 1.0 (0.8 -1.3) | 0.419 |
Dementia | 130 (6.0) | 86 (8.8) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | < 0.05 |
SOFA (daily), n (%) | ||||
≥ 4 points | 308 (14.3) | 395 (40.4) | 5.1 (4.2–6.2) | < 0.05 |
SOFA on ICU admission—stratified ≥ 1 point, n (%) | ||||
Neurologic | 379 (17.6) | 324 (33.1) | 2.6 (2.1–3.1) | < 0.05 |
Respiratory | 290 (13.5) | 269 (27.5) | 2.6 (2.2–3.2) | < 0.05 |
Cardiovascular | 1006 (46.8) | 571 (58.4) | 2.2 (1.8–2.8) | < 0.05 |
Hematologic | 581 (27.0) | 359 (36.7) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | < 0.05 |
Hepatic | 137 (6.3) | 132 (13.5) | 2.3 (1.8–3.0) | < 0.05 |
SAPS3 on ICU admission (1 h), n (%) | ||||
≥ 48 points | 539 (25) | 465 (47.5) | 2.6 (2.2–3.0) | < 0.05 |
Mechanical Ventilation, n (%) | ||||
≥ 3 days | 58 (2.7) | 228 (23.3) | 6.3 (4.4–9.1) | < 0.05 |
Vasopressors use, n (%) | 494 (22.9) | 412 (42.1) | 2.5 (2.1–2.9) | < 0.05 |
Pain, n (%) | ||||
NVS ≥ 3 or BPS positive | 435 (20.2) | 304 (31.1) | 1.5 (1.3–1.9) | < 0.05 |
Pain duration > 5 days | 92 (4.2) | 241 (24.6) | 12.0 (8.6–16.8) | < 0.05 |
Non opioid use | 518 (24.1) | 356 (36.4) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | < 0.05 |
Strong opioids use | 265 (12.3) | 244 (24.9) | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) | < 0.05 |
CRP, n (%) | ||||
≥ 5,2 mg/dl | 1374 (63.9) | 883 (90.3) | 4.6 (3.7–5.9) | < 0.05 |
Sedative use, n (%) | 44 (2.0) | 107 (10.9) | 5.6 (3.9–8.0) | < 0.05 |
Nephrotoxic drug use, n (%) | 36 (1.6) | 95 (9.7) | 6.0 (4.0–8.9) | < 0.05 |