Table 1 Patient characteristics and operative variables stratified by hemoglobin drop
Characteristic | ALL (n = 35,631) | HGBd ≤ 43 (n = 34,479) | HGBd > 43 (n = 1152) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age [yr; median (IQR)] | 61(49–71) | 61(49–71) | 60(49–68) | < .001 |
Male gender, [n (%)] | 19,570(54.9%) | 18,843(54.7%) | 727(63.1%) | < .001 |
Smoking | 5297 (14.9%) | 5099 (14.8%) | 198 (17.2%) | 0.024 |
Drinking | 4538 (12.7%) | 4348 (12.6%) | 190 (16.5%) | < .001 |
Body mass index, [mean (SD)] kg/m2 | 24.5 ± 3.8 | 24.5 ± 3.8 | 23.8 ± 3.6 | < .001 |
Co-existing disease | ||||
hypertension | 13,243(37.2%) | 12,851(37.3%) | 392(34.0%) | 0.027 |
Coronary artery disease | 5865(16.5%) | 5702(16.5%) | 163(14.1%) | 0.035 |
Heart failure | 539(1.5%) | 512(1.5%) | 27(2.3%) | 0.026 |
Arrhythmia | 1244(3.5%) | 1208(3.5%) | 36(3.1%) | 0.544 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 681(1.9%) | 665(1.9%) | 16(1.4%) | 0.227 |
Stroke | 3501(9.8%) | 3409(9.9%) | 92(8.0%) | 0.037 |
diabetes mellitus | 5128 (14.4%) | 4993.0 (14.5%) | 135.0 (11.7%) | 0.009 |
Preoperative serum creatinine, [mean (SD)] mmol/L | 81.1 (19.3) | 81.0 (19.3) | 83.2 (19.3) | < .001 |
Preoperative serum albumin, [mean (SD)] g/L | 41.0 (5.9) | 41.0 (5.9) | 41.8 (6.2) | < .001 |
Preoperative hemoglobin, [median (IQR)] g/L | 136(123–148) | 136(123–147) | 144(134–153) | < .001 |
Postoperative hemoglobin, [median (IQR)] g/L | 128(116–140) | 128(116–140) | 121(109–134) | < .001 |
rCRI | ||||
0 | 30,302(85.0%) | 29,299(85.0%) | 1003(87.1%) | 0.030 |
1 | 3232(9.1%) | 3129(9.1%) | 103(8.9%) | |
2 | 1465(4.1%) | 1429(4.1%) | 36(3.1%) | |
≥ 3 | 632(1.8%) | 622(1.8%) | 10(0.9%) | |
ASA | ||||
I | 5841 (16.4%) | 5706 (16.5%) | 135 (11.7%) | < .001 |
II | 25,639 (72.0%) | 24,798 (71.9%) | 841 (73.0%) | |
III | 3986 (11.2%) | 3832 (11.1%) | 154 (13.4%) | |
IV or V | 165 (0.5%) | 143 (0.4%) | 22 (1.9%) | |
Surgery type | ||||
Eye/ear/throat | 281(0.8%) | 277(0.8%) | 4(0.3%) | < .001 |
Integumentary | 321(0.9%) | 311(0.9%) | 10(0.9%) | |
Genital/urinary | 8567(24.0%) | 8376(24.3%) | 191(16.6%) | |
Musculoskeletal | 4477(12.6%) | 4330(12.6%) | 147(12.8%) | |
Nervous | 2536(7.1%) | 2390(6.9%) | 146(12.7%) | |
Vascular | 760(2.1%) | 728(2.1%) | 32(2.8%) | |
Digestive | 14,022(39.4%) | 13,495(39.1%) | 527(45.7%) | |
Respiratory | 3423(9.6%) | 3357(9.7%) | 66(5.7%) | |
Other | 1244(3.5%) | 1215(3.5%) | 29(2.5%) | |
Surgery time, [min; median (IQR)] | 130(74–214) | 127(73–209) | 254(152–347) | < .001 |
Anesthesia duration, [min; median (IQR)] | 208(140–308) | 204(139–301) | 369(262–473) | < .001 |
Anesthesia type | ||||
General anesthesia | 31,096(87.3%) | 30,003(87.0%) | 1093(94.9%) | < .001 |
General anesthesia + epidural/nerve block | 4535(12.7%) | 4476(13.0%) | 59(5.1%) | |
Intraoperative fluid administration [median (IQR)] | ||||
Infusion volume | 1600(1100–2450) | 1600(1100–2350) | 4000(2600–5700) | < .001 |
Crystal | 1300(1000–1950) | 1300(1000–1850) | 2600(1700–3500) | < .001 |
Colloid | 0(0–500) | 0(0–500) | 1000(500–1500) | < .001 |
Estimated blood loss, [ml; median (IQR)] | 50(0–200) | 30(0–200) | 600(200–1400) | < .001 |
Intraoperative blood infusion | 5720(16.1%) | 5078(14.7%) | 642(55.7%) | < .001 |
Intraoperative blood salvage | 1767(5.0%) | 1582(4.6%) | 185(16.1%) | < .001 |
Urine, [ml; median (IQR)] | 200(0–500) | 200(0–500) | 550(200–1000) | < .001 |
Intraoperative hypotension | 8541(24.0%) | 8133(23.6%) | 408(35.4%) | < .001 |
Intraoperative mean HR, bpm | ||||
60–65 | 7517(21.4%) | 7303(21.5%) | 214(18.7%) | < .001 |
< 60 | 9721(27.7%) | 9515(28.0%) | 206(18.0%) | |
65–75 | 10,364(29.5%) | 9990(29.4%) | 374(32.6%) | |
> 75 | 7485(21.3%) | 7132(21.0%) | 353(30.8%) | |