Table 5 Estimated GFR among all MANOS participants and by CKD status at baseline with age-adjusted comparisons of serum kidney function parameters between groups at Round 1

eGFR (ml/min/1.73min²) ^c

>  90

106.7 ± 28.2

33.6 ± 15.5

112.7 ± 19.1

−68.6 (− 74.1, − 63.1)

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.60–1.35

1.06 ± 0.81

3.10 ± 1.96

0.89 ± 0.21

2.07 (1.90, 2.26)

Albumin (g/dL)^d

3.6–5.1

4.5 ± 0.26

4.4 ± 0.26

4.5 ± 0.26

0.03 (− 0.08, 0.13)

Calcium (mg/dL)

8.6–10.3

9.3 ± 0.38

9.1 ± 0.52

9.3 ± 0.36

− 0.17 (− 0.28, − 0.05)

Carbon dioxide (mmol/L)^d

20–32

26.2 ± 3.0

25.4 ± 3.7

26.3 ± 3.0

− 0.96 (− 0.91, 1.00)^e

Chloride (mmol/L)

98–110

100.7 ± 3.2

99.3 ± 5.2

100.8 ± 3.0

0.99 (0.98, 1.00)^e

Creatine phosphokinase (U/L)^f

39–308

241.8 ± 142.0

298.5 ± 162.4

239.1 ± 140.8

1.16 (0.92, 1.45)^e

Glucose (mg/dL)

65–99

90.3 ± 16.0

96.17 ± 17.1

89.8 ± 15.8

3.61 (− 1.28, 8.50)

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dL)

7–25

12.3 ± 6.4

25.9 ± 9.7

10.8 ± 3.6

14.7 (12.8, 16.6)

Phosphorous (mg/dL)

2.5–4.5

3.6 ± 0.67

3.7 ± 0.92

3.6 ± 0.65

0.26 (0.06, 0.46)

Potassium (mmol/L)

3.5–5.3

3.9 ± 0.44

3.7 ± 0.66

4.0 ± 0.43

−0.19 (− 0.33, − 0.54)

Sodium (mmol/L)

135–146

138.0 ± 2.4

136.3 ± 3.5

138.1 ± 2.2

− 1.54 (− 2.26, − 0.82)

Uric acid (mg/dL)

2.5–8.0

5.8 ± 1.7

9.1 ± 2.2

5.6 ± 1.3

3.13 (2.70, 3.55)