Table 1 Characteristics of AAV patients without DM (N = 76)

Demographic data at diagnosis

 Age (years)

61.0 (21.0)

 Male sex (N, (%))

31 (40.8)

AAV subtypes (N, (%)) at diagnosis

 MPA

42 (55.3)

 GPA

18 (23.7)

 EGPA

16 (21.1)

ANCA positivity (N, (%)) at diagnosis

 MPO-ANCA (or P-ANCA) positive

42 (55.3)

 PR3-ANCA (or C-ANCA) positive

9 (11.8)

 Both ANCA positive

2 (2.6)

AAV-specific indices at diagnosis

 BVAS

6.0 (7.0)

 FFS

1.0 (1.0)

Clinical manifestations at diagnosis (N, (%))

 General manifestations

14 (18.4)

 Cutaneous manifestations

10 (13.2)

 Mucous and ocular manifestations

5 (6.6)

 Otorhinolaryngologic manifestations

27 (35.5)

 Pulmonary manifestations

48 (63.2)

 Cardiovascular manifestations

2 (2.6)

 Gastrointestinal manifestations

0 (0)

 Renal manifestations

41 (53.9)

 Nervous systemic manifestations

22 (28.9)

Acute phase reactants at diagnosis

 ESR (mm/hr)

16.5 (35.0)

 CRP (mg/L)

1.4 (5.3)

Inflammation-related biomarkers at diagnosis

 GA (%)

13.9 (2.7)

 HbA1c (%)

5.6 (0.7)

 GA/HbA1c

2.4 (0.5)

Laboratory results at diagnosis

 White blood cell count (/mm³)

6,775.0 (4,340.0)

 Haemoglobin (g/dL)

12.4 (3.2)

 Platelet count (× 1000/mm³)

244.0 (99.3)

 Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

18.7 (19.0)

 Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

0.9 (1.0)

 Total protein (g/dL)

6.6 (0.7)

 Serum albumin (g/dL)

4.2 (0.6)

 Random urine protein/creatinine ratio

0.2 (0.7)

 Red blood cells per high power field

0 (10.0)

Medications (N, (%)) during follow-up

 Glucocorticoids

74 (97.4)

 Cyclophosphamide

49 (64.5)

 Rituximab

18 (23.7)

 Mycophenolate mofetil

12 (15.8)

 Azathioprine

52 (68.4)

 Tacrolimus

4 (5.3)

 Methotrexate

8 (10.5)

 Plasma exchange

10 (13.2)

Poor outcomes during follow-up

 All-cause mortality

5 (6.6)

 Follow-up duration based on all-cause mortality (months)

28.7 (31.1)

 Relapse

23 (30.3)

 Follow-up duration based on relapse (months)

18.5 (31.2)

 ESRD

8 (10.5)

 Follow-up duration based on ESRD (months)

27.0 (31.1)