Table 5 Summary of prediction of microalbuminuria from urine dipstick and uPCR in non-diabetic and diabetic life-style related disease
prediction of microalbuminuria | |
urine dipstick | A one-time dipstick proteinuria examination is useful for predicting microalubuminuria, with uPCR or uACR having to be measured and confirmed at ≥ trace( ±) |
Three-time dipstick proteinuria examinations are more useful for predicting microalubuminuria than the one-time dipstick examination, with uPCR or uACR having to be measured and confirmed upon the first ≥ trace( ±) | |
uPCR | Among all proteinuria findings on urine dipsticks, uPCR is useful for predicting microalbuminuria |
Even if the urinary protein tests negative using a urine dipstick, measuring uPCR is useful for the early detection of microalbuminuria | |
By maintaining the value of the one-time uPCR at ≤ 0.05 g/gCra, as well as the sum of the three-time uPCRs at ≤ 0.22 g/gCrb, it may be possible to maintain normoalbuminuria | |
It may be microalbuminuria if the one-time uPCR is ≥ 0.06 g/gCr or the sum of the three-time uPCRs is ≥ 0.23 g/gCr, requiring intervention such as confirmation by measuring uACR or further improvement in lifestyle | |
prediction of change in uACR | |
| Â | Among all proteinuria findings on urine dipsticks, including dipstick proteinuria negative, an increase or decrease in uACR can be predicted by an increase or decrease in uPCR |
sample | A spot first-morning urine sample is desirable, which is relatively concentrated and is not influenced by postural proteinuria |