Table 4 Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses of risk factors for increased gastrointestinal symptoms among 103 IgA nephropathy patients

Female sex

3.30

1.38–7.93

0.007

2.80

1.08–7.29

0.035

PGWB total score

0.96

0.93–0.99

0.008

0.96

0.93–1.00

0.026

Age

0.98

0.95–1.01

0.202

1.00

0.97–1.03

0.958

Antibiotic courses

2.25

0.96–5.26

0.063

Smoking

3.03

0.93–9.91

0.066

Risky alcohol use^a

2.24

0.90–5.59

0.084

Thyroid disease

3.05

0.86–10.85

0.086

PPI medication

1.85

0.72–4.78

0.204

eGFR > 60ml/min/1.73m²

1.80

0.67–4.87

0.247

Body mass index

0.97

0.90–1.04

0.359