Table 2 Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants by quartiles of visceral adiposity index (VAI)
From: Lipid accumulation product, visceral adiposity index and risk of chronic kidney disease
Variables | Q1 ≤ 2.31 | Q2 2.32–3.64 | Q3 3.65–5.91 | Q4 ≥ 5.92 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 6873 | 6915 | 6886 | 6876 | 27,550 |
Age (SD) | 65 (10) | 65 (10) | 65 (9) | 65 (9) | 65 (9) |
Female (%) | 3569 (52) | 3850 (56) | 3751 (55) | 3794 (55) | 14,964 (54) |
Race | |||||
 White (%) | 3429 (50) | 3756 (54) | 4185 (61) | 5029 (73) | 16,399 (60) |
 Black (%) | 3444 (50) | 3159 (46) | 2701 (39) | 1847 (27) | 11,151 (41) |
Smoking | |||||
 Never (%) | 3360 (49) | 3188 (46) | 3031 (44) | 2801 (41) | 12,380 (45) |
 Former (%) | 2687 (39) | 2761 (40) | 2806 (41) | 2807 (41) | 11,061 (40) |
 Current (%) | 791 (12) | 939 (14) | 1024 (15) | 1252 (18) | 4006 (15) |
Co-morbidities | |||||
 CHD (%) | 934 (14) | 1127 (16) | 1249 (18) | 1495 (22) | 4805 (17) |
 MI (%) | 685 (10) | 789 (11) | 867 (13) | 1053 (15) | 3394 (12) |
 Stroke (%) | 308 (5) | 412 (6) | 461 (7) | 509 (7) | 1690 (6) |
 Diabetes mellitus (%) | 904 (13) | 1184 (17) | 1525 (22) | 2099 (31) | 5712 (21) |
 HTN (%) | 3500 (51) | 3971 (57) | 4222 (61) | 4481 (65) | 16,174 (59) |
 HTN medications (%) | 2956 (43) | 3453 (50) | 3711 (54) | 3955 (58) | 14,075 (51) |
 SBP mm Hg (SD) | 126 (17) | 127 (17) | 128 (16) | 129 (16) | 127 (17) |
 DBP mm Hg (SD) | 76 (10) | 76 (10) | 77 (10) | 77 (10) | 77 (10) |
 eGFR ml/min/1.73m2 (SD) | 88 (19) | 83 (20) | 81 (20) | 77 (21) | 82 (21) |
 UACR (IQR) | 7 [4, 13] | 7 [5, 14] | 7 [5, 15] | 8 [5, 21] | 7 [5, 16] |
 Total cholesterol mg/dL (SD) | 189 (37) | 189 (38) | 191 (40) | 199 (44) | 192 (40) |
 LDL cholesterol mg/dL (SD) | 109 (32) | 115 (34) | 118 (35) | 115 (38) | 114 (35) |
 HDL cholesterol mg/dL (SD) | 67 (17) | 54 (12) | 47 (11) | 39 (9) | 52 (16) |
 Triglycerides mg/dL (SD) | 68 [57, 79] | 95 [84, 110] | 129 [112, 149] | 204 [168, 260] | 111 [81, 158] |
Measures of Adiposity | |||||
 LAP (IQR) | 97 [66, 135] | 172 [128, 224] | 255 [194, 327] | 449 [333, 613] | 208 [126, 338] |
 BMI (SD) | 27.2 (5.8) | 29.0 (6.2) | 30.0 (6.1) | 30.8 (5.9) | 29.3 (6.1) |
 WC, cm (SD) | 89 (14) | 95 (14) | 98 (15) | 102 (14) | 96 (15) |