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Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics, albumin level, pre- and post-dialysis bedside parameters and pre-dialysis clinical examination on fluid status

From: Automated lung ultrasound image assessment using artificial intelligence to identify fluid overload in dialysis patients

 

Total (n = 61)

B lines ≥5 (n = 24)

B lines < 5 (n = 37)

p-value

Gender (male, %)

35 (57.4)

11 (18.0)

24 (39.3)

0.14

Age (year)

59 ± 11.0

57.6 ± 12.2

60.0 ± 10.2

0.42

Body weight (kg, pre-dialysis)

78.3 ± 17.7

78.2 ± 19.3

78.4 ± 16.8

0.98

Height (m, pre-dialysis)

1.6 ± 0.8

1.6 ± 0.1

1.6 ± 0.1

0.83

SBP (mmHg, pre-dialysis)

148.7 ± 20.9

155.0 ± 19.4

144.6 ± 21.1

0.06

DBP (mmHg, pre-dialysis)

74.1 ± 16.2

74.4 ± 13.5

73.9 ± 17.9

0.9

SpO2 (%, pre-dialysis)

96.9 ± 2.2

96.1 ± 2.0

97.5 ± 2.1

0.01

O2 requirement (L/min, pre-dialysis)

0.8 ± 1.2

1.1 ± 1.4

0.6 ± 1.0

0.09

Albumin (g/dL, pre-dialysis)

32.4 ± 5.0

30.5 ± 5.2

33.7 ± 4.6

0.01

Body weight (kg, post-dialysis)

76.8 ± 17.1

75.4 ± 19.1

77.7 ± 16.0

0.66

SBP (mmHg, postdialysis)

149.8 ± 22.5

154.5 ± 22.8

147.0 ± 22.1

0.25

DBP (mmHg, postdialysis)

73.2 ± 15.3

72.3 ± 14.7

73.8 ± 15.9

0.75

SpO2 (mmHg, postdialysis)

95.6 ± 13.7

97.1 ± 2.4

94.7 ± 17.3

0.56

Echocardiogram EF (%)

49.3 ± 12.1

49.2 ± 12.4

49.5 ± 12.1

0.93

Clinical examination

   

0.001

Euvolaemic (%)

6 (9.8)

5 (8.2)

1 (1.6)

 

Mild fluid overload (%)

28 (45.9)

5 (8.2)

23 (37.7)

 

Moderate fluid overload (%)

26 (42.6)

17 (27.9)

9 (14.8)

 

Severe fluid overload (%)

1 (1.6)

1 (1.6)

0 (0.0)

 

Haemodialysis

Total (n = 50)

B lines ≥ 5 (n = 19)

B lines < 5 (n = 31)

 

OH (L, pre-dialysis)

5.2 ± 5.1

7.5 ± 6.6

3.7 ± 3.2

0.01

OH (%, pre-dialysis)

20.6 ± 13.5

27.9 ± 13.7

16.0 ± 11.4

0.003

V urea (L, pre-dialysis)

39.3 ± 12.7

40.9 ± 16.2

38.1 ± 10.1

0.52

BMI (kg/m2, pre-dialysis)

29.7 ± 6.5

29.5 ± 7.3

29.7 ± 6.2

0.92

TBW (L, pre-dialysis)

41.8 ± 12.8

43.7 ± 16.3

40.6 ± 10.3

0.43

ECW (L, pre-dialysis)

21.6 ± 6.8

23.5 ± 8.9

20.5 ± 5.0

0.14

ICW (L, pre-dialysis)

20.3 ± 6.9

20.3 ± 8.2

20.3 ± 6.0

0.99

E/I (pre-dialysis)

1.1 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.1

0.003

OH (L, post-dialysis)

3.8 ± 5.0

6.0 ± 6.6

2.5 ± 3.1

0.02

OH (%, post-dialysis)

15.4 ± 15.1

22.7 ± 15.2

11.0 ± 13.4

0.007

V urea (L, post-dialysis)

38.8 ± 12.4

39.4 ± 15.8

38.4 ± 10.0

0.77

BMI (kg/m2, post-dialysis)

28.9 ± 6.3

28.6 ± 7.0

29.0 ± 6.0

0.81

TBW (L, post-dialysis)

40.8 ± 12.6

41.9 ± 15.9

40.2 ± 10.4

0.65

ECW (L, post-dialysis)

20.4 ± 6.6

21.7 ± 8.6

19.6 ± 5.0

0.3

ICW (L, post-dialysis)

20.8 ± 7.6

20.8 ± 9.7

20.9 ± 6.1

0.96

E/I (post-dialysis)

1.0 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.1

0.001

Peritoneal dialysis*

Total (n = 11)

B line ≥ 5 (n = 5)

B line < 5 (n = 6)

 

OH (L)

5.0 ± 6.7

8.8 ± 6.1

1.9 ± 5.9

0.09

OH %

19.7 ± 27.6

32.1 ± 15.5

9.4 ± 32.4

0.19

V urea (L)

42.2 ± 12.9

43.7 ± 15.6

40.9 ± 12.5

0.74

BMI (kg/m2)

28.7 ± 6.8

29.8 ± 7.5

27.7 ± 6.8

0.64

TBW (L)

44.7 ± 12.4

46.6 ± 14.7

43.2 ± 11.3

0.67

ECW (L)

22.1 ± 6.2

25.1 ± 8.2

19.6 ± 2.8

0.16

ICW (L)

22.6 ± 8.9

21.5 ± 6.8

23.6 ± 10.8

0.72

E/I

1.0 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.3

0.12

  1. *All parameters were measured at pre-dialysis for peritoneal dialysis patients
  2. SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, EF: ejection fraction, OH: overhydration, V urea: volume of distribution of urea, BMI: body mass index, TBW, total body water, ECW: extracellular water, ICW: intracellular water, E/I: extracellular/ intracellular water ratio